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Spatial Compressive Sensing Approach For Field
Directionality Estimation.
用于场方向性估计的空间压缩传感方法
I. INTRODUCTION
1. 引言
Variety of techniques for field directionality estimation were
studied in literature [1]-[5]. Thus， a theoretical analysis of
the relationship between the hydrophone array output and the
noise field was conducted in [1]-[5]. 用于场方向性估计的多种技术在文献中做了研究[1]-[5]。因此，对水听器阵列输出和噪声场之间的关系进行了理论的分析[1]-[5]。The developed techniques were based on the array beamformer output or the cross spectral
matrix between outputs of array elements [4]-[5]. 所开发的技术是基于阵列波束形成器的输出或阵列单元输出之间的互功率谱矩阵[4]-[5]。The problem of a field directionality estimation in ocean， using horizontal line towed array was also addressed in literature [5]-[8]. 用水平线拖曳阵列在海洋中的场方向性估计问题，在文献中也用水平线拖曳阵列着重做了研究[5]-[8]。Recently， problems of direction of arrival and field directionality
estimation for moving sensors arrays have attracted
renewed interest [9]-[12]. 近年来，移动的传感器阵列的到达方向问题和场方向性估计问题已重新引起人们的兴趣[9]-[12]。It was shown that an array motion
can improve an array performance assuming temporal coherence
of successive samples [10]-[11]. 已经证明，假设相继的样本的时间相干性，那么一个阵列的运动可以改善一个阵列的性能[10]-[11]。In [12]， the wavefield
sampling method that exploits the linear relationship between
the noise field and the collection of beamformer outputs over
various array orientations was proposed.在文献[12]中，提出了探索噪声场和在各个不同阵列取向上采集波束形成器输出之间线性关系的波场取样方法。 It was shown that
the wavefield sampling (WS) method outperforms other tested methods. This algorithm was implemented via the recursive estimation method and its convergence to the unique solution was promised for a specific set of array orientations and beamformer look directions. 已经证明，波长取样方法（WS）胜过其他被试验的方法。这一算法通过递推估计法实施，并且它对唯yi解的收敛有望用于一组特定阵列取向和波束形成器观察方向。However， a method for a proper array orientation and beamformer look direction sequence selection remains an open question. 然而，一种用于wan美阵列取向和波束形成器观察方向顺序选择的方法仍然是一个公开的问题。
The quality of the field directionality estimation is determined by the angular resolution. The higher angular resolution is， the more accurate estimation of the far field sources，
and better detection performance can be achieved. 场方向性估计的质量由角度分辨率决定。角度分辨率越高，远场源的估计精度就越高，并能达到越好的检测性能。One of
fundamental relations in the array signal processing is that the angular resolution is directly proportional to the number of the array elements [13]. 在阵列信号处理中的基本关系之一就是角度分辨率与阵列元件数成正比[13]。This relation motivates the desire
for longer arrays that can achieve higher resolution. Unfortunately，
the requirement contradicts the implementation and installation limitations that motivate shorter arrays. 这一关系激发了采用能达到较高分辨率的较长阵列的欲望。不幸的是，这一要求与促进较短阵列的实施和敷设是矛盾的。Moreover， implementation of longer arrays for maneuvering platforms such as unmanned underwater vehicles (UUV) can even be
impossible [14]. 而且，对操纵平台（例如无人潜水器（UUV））实施较长阵列甚至会是不可能的[14]。These contradictions motivate the quest for alternative array signal processing methods. Usually， the field directionality is modeled as a finite set of strong far-field narrow-band sources and an isotropic lowpower noise [1]. 这些矛盾激发了人们对可供选择的阵列信号处理方法的寻找。通常，场方向性被建模为一组有限的强远场窄带源和一个各向同性的低功率噪声[1]。In this work， the model of the field directionality
is adopted in the following way. 在本文中，场方向性的模型以以下方式被采用。First， the bearing angle space is uniformly sampled into a large number of discrete
angles. 首先，象限角空间被均匀取样成大量分离的角度。Next， it is assumed that ether the high energy that corresponds to the far-field strong sources or the low-energy
that corresponds to the isotropic noise is received at the sensor
array from every of these discrete azimuth angles. 其次，假设与远场强源相应的高能量及与各向同性噪声相应的低能量都在传感器阵列处被从这些分离的方位角的每一个角度被接收。（译注：这里的ether漏字了，现按either翻译，如实neither则意思相反）