多激发波长调制叶绿素荧光仪——MULTI-COLOR-PAM

主要功能

• 采用的板载芯片 LED 阵列技术，用 6 种不同波段的激发光作为测量光、光化光、饱和脉冲、单周转饱和闪光与多周转饱和闪光

• 具备比 PAM-2500 高 200 倍的灵敏度

• 优化设计用于很稀的悬浮液（藻液、叶绿体悬浮液）测量

• 专用叶夹可用于高等植物/大型海藻等叶片状样品的测量

• 标准的 PAM 测量功能、复杂的多相荧光上升动力学拟合分析、驰豫动力学分析

• 特别适合状态转换研究、“非活性PSII”（“Inactive PS II”）研究

• 超快时间分辨率达到 10 ms，由此利用独特的 O-I1 相（O-J相）拟合分析用于分析PSII反映中心异质性分析，得出 PS II 光合单位的连接性参数（p和J），速率常数（Tau）和两种不同类型 PS II（Type 1 和Type 2）的光学截面积（Sigma(II)_λ）等参数

• 新增 PSII 有效光强 PAR(II)、经过 PSII 的JD电子传递速率 ETR(II)_λ 等全新的光合参数。

• 专业的操作软件，用于复杂的拟合分析

测量参数

Fo, Fm, F, Fm', Fv/Fm, Y(II), qP, qN, NPQ, Y(NO), Y(NPQ), ETR, ETR(II)_λ, p, J, Tau, Sigma(II)_λ, PAR、PAR(II) 等

应用领域

主要用于各种藻类的深入光合作用机理研究，用适合的波长、全新的测量、全新的参数进行蓝藻、绿藻、硅藻、甲藻、红藻、隐藻等的深入研究。如选配高等植物附件，也可实现对高等植物叶片的测量。

主要技术参数

测量光：提供 400、440、480、540、590 和 625 nm 的脉冲调制测量光，20 个强度选择，14 个频率选择。

光化光：提供 440、480、540、590、625 nm 和 420-640 nm（白光）连续光化光照，ZD光强 4000 μmol m^-2 s^-1；单周转饱和闪光的ZD强度 200 000 μmol m^-2 s^-1，持续时间 5-50 μs可调；多周转饱和闪光强度 10 000 μmol m^-2 s^-1，1-800 ms可调。

远红光：725 nm。

信号检测：PIN-光电二极管，带特制锁相放大器（ZL设计），ZD时间分辨率 10 μs。

Multi-Color-PAM的功能介绍

光系统 II 的相对电子传递速率 rETR 是很常用的一个参数。rETR = PAR × Y(II) × ETR-factor，其中 ETR-factor 是指光系统II吸收的光能占总入射 PAR 的比例。在绝大多数已发表的文献中，均没有试图去测定 ETR-factor，只是简单地假定跟 “模式叶片” 相同，即有 50% 的 PAR 分配到光系统 II，84% 的 PAR 被光合色素吸收。因此在已有的文献中，rETR一般是用公式 rETR = PAR × Y(II) × 0.84 × 0.5 来计算的。

近期，利用多激发波长调制叶绿素荧光仪 MULTI-COLOR-PAM 可以实现光系统II的JD电子传递速率 ETR(II)_λ 的测量。首先需要利用 MULTI-COLOR-PAM 测定某个波长下的光系统II功能性光学截面积 Sigma(II)_λ（单位nm²）（其中λ为波长），然后求出光系统II的量子吸收速率 PAR(II) = Sigma(II)_λ × L × PAR = 0.6022 × Sigma(II)_λ× PAR。其中 L 为阿伏伽德罗常数，系数 0.6022 是将 1 μmol quanta m^-2 （即 6.022 × 1017 quanta m^-2）转换为 0.6022 quanta nm^-2，PAR(II) 的单位为 quanta/(PSII × s)。接下来就可以计算 ETR(II)_λ = PAR(II) × Y(II)/Y(II)max，其中 Y(II)max 是经过暗适应达到稳态后的光系统II的量子产量，也就是 Fv/Fm×ETR(II) 的单位为 electrons/(PSII × s)。

传统的调制叶绿素荧光仪一般只能提供一种或两种颜色的光源，如发出白光的卤素灯、发出蓝光的蓝色 LED 或发出红光的红色 LED 等。用不同颜色的光测量的结果可能会有不同，如图 1A 所示，用蓝光（440 nm）和红光（625 nm）测量绿藻小球藻的快速光曲线有非常显著的差别，蓝光照射下的 rETRmax 显著小于红光照射下，且在较强的光曲线 rETR 有轻微下降趋势，这说明蓝光的更容易引发光YZ (Schreiber, Klughammer et al. 2011, Schreiber, Klughammer et al. 2012)。由此可以推测，过去文献报道的很过实验结果，可能会存在由于采用的激发光源不同而引起的错误理解。

如上文所述，利用 MULTI-COLOR-PAM，已经可以测量JD电子传递速率 ETR(II)_λ。如果用 ETR(II)_λ 来绘制快速光曲线会出现什么结果呢？图 1B 是将图 1A 的结果转换成JD电子传递速率后得到的结果，可以看出无论是照射蓝光还是照射红光，其JD电子传递速率是一致的。由此证明图 1A 中结果的差异是由于不同波长下藻细胞的光系统 II 功能性光学截面积 Sigma(II)_λ 的大小不同引起的 (Schreiber, Klughammer et al. 2011, Schreiber, Klughammer et al. 2012)。这种利用JD电子传递速率 ETR(II)_λ 绘制的快速光曲线在未来的科研中可能会发挥越来越重要的作用。

图1 利用相对电子传递速率（A）和JD电子传递速率（B）分别绘制的快速光曲线（引自Schreiber et al., 2012）
利用 MULTI-COLOR-PAM 分别以蓝光（440 nm）和红光（625 nm）作为光化光源，测量小球藻（Chlorella sp.）的快速光曲线。
图A中，rETR 的计算采用 0.42 作为 ETR factor。
图B中，蓝光和红光激发下获得的光系统II功能性光学截面积 Sigma(II)λ 分别为 4.547 和 1.669 nm2，计算JD电子传递速率 ETR(II)440 和 ETR(II)625 的 Fv/Fm 分别为 0.68 和 0.66。

选购指南

一、悬浮样品测量基本款

系统组成：通用型主机，标准版检测单元，悬浮液的光学单元，数据线，工作台，软件等

悬浮样品测量基本款

二 、高等植物叶片测量基本款

系统组成：通用型主机，标准版检测单元，特制叶片夹，数据线，工作台，软件等

高等植物叶片测量特制叶夹

三、其他可选附件

1，ED-101US/T： 控温装置，安装在 ED-101US/MD 上，为悬浮液控温；可外接循环水浴来控温,

2，US-SQS/WB： 球状微型光量子探头，可插入样品杯中测量 PAR；由主机 DUAL-C 控制。

3，PHYTO-MS：磁力搅拌器，连接到光学单元 ED-101US/MD 的底部对悬浮液进行搅拌。

产地：德国WALZ

参考文献

数据来源：光合作用文献 Endnote 数据库，更新至 2021年 1 月，文献数量超过 10000 篇

原始数据来源：Google Scholar

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