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- 啝伱1起菿咏玖 2016-03-07 17:18:59
- 一 原文 粤①若稽⑧古,圣人之在天地间也,为众生之先②。观阴阳之开阖以名命物,知存亡之门户③,筹策万类之终始,达④人心之理,见变化之朕⑤焉,而守司其门户。故圣人之在天下也,自古及今,其道一也。 变化无穷,各有所归,或阴或阳,或柔或刚,或开或闭,或驰或张。是故圣人一守司其门户,审察其所先后,度权量能,校其伎巧短长。 夫贤、不肖;智、愚;勇、怯;仁、义;有差。乃可捭⑥,乃可阖⑦,乃可进,乃可退,乃可贱,乃可贵;无为以牧⑨之。 审定有无,与其虚实,随其嗜欲以见其志意。微排其言而捭反之,以求其实,贵得其指。阖而捭之,以求其利。或开而示之,或阖而闭之。开而示之者,同其情也。阖而闭之者,异其诚也。可与不可,审明其计谋,以原其同异。离合有守,先从其志。即欲捭之,贵周;即欲阖之,贵密。周密之贵微,而与道相追。 捭之者,料其情也。阖之者,结其诚也,皆见其权衡轻重,乃为之度数,圣人因而为之虑。其不中权衡度数,圣人因而自为之虑。故捭者,或捭而出之,或捭而纳⑩之。阖者,或阖而取之,或阖而去之。捭阖者,天地之道。捭阖者,以变动阴阳,四时开闭,以化万物;纵横反出,反复反忤,必由此矣。 捭阖者,道之大化,说之变也。必豫审其变化。吉凶大命系焉。口者,心之门户也。心者,神之主也。志意、喜欲、思虑、智谋,此皆由门户出入。故关之矣捭阖,制之以出入。 捭之者,开也,言也,阳也。阖之者,闭也,默也,阴也。阴阳其和,终始其义。 故言:长生、安乐、富贵、尊荣、显名、爱好、财利、得意、喜欲,为“阳”,曰“始”。 故言:死亡、忧患、贫贱、苦辱、弃损、亡利、失意、有害、刑戮、诛罚,为“阴”,曰“终”。 诸言法阳之类者,皆曰『始』;言善以始其事。诸言法阴之类者,皆曰『终』;言恶以终其谋。 捭阖之道,以阴阳试之。故与阳言者,依崇高。与阴言者,依卑小。以下求小,以高求大。由此言之,无所不出,无所不入,无所不可。可以说人,可以说家,可以说国,可以说天下。 为小无内,为大无外;益损、去就、倍反,皆以阴阳御其事。 阳动而行,阴止而藏;阳动而出,阴隐而入;阳远终阴,阴极反阳。 以阳动者,德相生也。以阴静者,形相成也。以阳求阴,苞以德也;以阴结阳,施以力也。阴阳相求,由捭阖也。此天地阴阳之道,而说人之法也。为万事之先,是谓圆方之门户。 反应第二 原文 古之大化者,乃与无形俱生。反以观往,复以验来;反以知古,复以知今;反以知彼,复以知此。动静虚实之理不合于今,反古而求之。事有反而得复者,圣人之意也,不可不察。 人言者,动也。己默者,静也。因其言,听其辞。言有不合者,反而求之,其应必出。 言有象,事有比;其有象比,以观其次。 象者,象其事。比者,比其辞也。以无形求有声。其钓语合事,得人实也。其犹张罝纲而取兽也。多张其会而司之,道合其事,彼自出之,此钓人之纲也。常持其纲驱之。 己反往,彼复来,言有象比,因而定基,重之、袭之、反之、复之,万事不失其辞。圣人所愚智,事皆不疑。 故善反听者,乃变鬼神以得其情。其变当也,而牧之审也。牧之不审,得情不明。得情不明,定基不审。变象比必有反辞以远听之。欲闻其声,反默;欲张,反敛;欲高,反下;欲取,反与。欲开情者,象而比之,以牧其辞。同声相呼,实理同归。或因此,或因彼,或以事上,或以牧下。此听真伪,知同异,得其情诈也。动作言默,与此出入;喜怒由此以见其式;皆以先定为之法则。以反求复,观其所托,故用此者。 己欲平静以听其辞,观其事、论万物、别雄雌。虽非其事,见微知类。若探人而居其内,量其能,射其意;符应不失,如螣蛇之所指,若弈之引矢;故知之始己,自知而后知人也。其相知也,若比目之鱼;其见形也,若光之与影;其察言也不失,若磁石之取铁;若舌之取燔骨。其与人也微,其见情也疾;如阴与阳,如圆与方。未见形,圆以道之;既见形,方以事之。进退左右,以是司之。己不先定,牧人不正,是用不巧,是谓忘情失道。己审先定以牧人,策而无形容,莫见其门,是谓天神。 内揵第三 原文 君臣上下之事,有远而亲,近而疏;就之不用,去之反求;日进前而不御,遥闻声而相思。 事皆有内楗,素结本始。或结以道德,或结以党友,或结以财货,货结以采色。用其意,欲入则入,欲出则出;欲亲则亲,欲疏则疏;欲就则就;欲去则去;欲求则求,欲思则思。若蚨母之从子也;出无间,入无朕。独往独来,莫之能止。 内者,进说辞也。楗者,楗所谋也。欲说者务稳度,计事者务循顺。阴虑可否,明言得失,以御其志。方来应时,以和其谋。详思来楗,往应时当也。夫内有不合者,不可施行也。乃揣切时宜,从便所为,以求其变。以变求内者,若管取楗。言往者,先顺辞也;说来者,以变言也。善变者审知地势,乃通于天,以化四时,使鬼神,合于阴阳,而牧人民。 见其谋事,知其志意。事有不合者,有所未知也。合而不结者,阳亲而阴疏。事有不合者,圣人不为谋也。 故远而亲者,有阴德也。近而疏者,志不合也。就而不用者,策不得也。去而反求者,事中来也。日进前而不御者,施不合也。遥闻声而相思者,合于谋待决事也。 故曰:不见其类而为之者,见逆。不得其情而说之者,见非。得其情乃制其术,此用可出可入,可楗可开。故圣人立事,以此先知而楗万物。 由夫道德仁义,礼乐忠信计谋,先取诗书,混说损益,议论去就。欲合者用内,欲去者用外。外内者,必明道数。揣策来事,见疑决之。策无失计,立功建德,治名入产业,曰楗而内合。上暗不治,下乱不窹,楗而反之。内自得而外不留,说而飞之,若命自来,己迎而御之。若欲去之,因危与之。环转因化,莫知所为,退为大仪。 抵戏第四 原文 物有自然,事有合离。有近而不可见,有远而可知。近而不可见者,不察其辞也;远而可知者,反往以验来也。 戏者,罅也。罅者,涧也。涧者,成大隙也。戏始有朕,可抵而塞,可抵而却,可抵而息,可抵而匿,可抵而得,此谓抵戏之理也。 事之危也,圣人知之,独保其身;因化说事,通达计谋,以识细微。经起秋毫之末,挥之于太山之本。其施外兆萌牙蘖之谋,皆由抵戏。抵戏之隙为道术用。 天下纷错,上无明主,公侯无道德,则小人谗贼,贤人不用,圣人鼠匿,贪利诈伪者作,君臣相惑,土崩瓦解而相伐射,父子离散,乖乱反目,是谓萌牙戏罅。圣人见萌牙戏罅,则抵之以法。世可以治,则抵而塞之;不可治,则抵而得之;或抵如此,或抵如彼;或抵反之,或抵覆之。五帝之政,抵而塞之;三王之事,抵而得之。诸侯相抵,不可胜数,当此之时,能抵为右。 自天地之合离终始,必有戏隙,不可不察也。察之以捭阖,能用此道,圣人也。圣人者,天地之使也。世无可抵,则深隐而待时;时有可抵,则为之谋;可以上合,可以检下。能因能循,为天地守神。 飞箝第五 原文 凡度权量能,所以征远来近。立势而制事,必先察同异,别是非之语,见内外之辞,知有无之数,决安危之计,定亲疏之事,然后乃权量之,其有隐括,乃可征,乃可求,乃可用。 引钩箝之辞,飞而箝之。钩箝之语,其说辞也,乍同乍异。其不可善者,或先征之,而后重累;或先重累,而后毁之;或以重累为毁;或以毁为重累。其用或称财货、琦玮、珠玉、壁帛、采色以事之。或量能立势以钩之,或伺候见涧而箝之,其事用抵戏。 将欲用之于天下,必度权量能,见天时之盛衰,制地形之广狭、阻险之难易,人民货财之多少,诸侯之交孰亲孰疏,孰爱孰憎,心意之虑怀。审其意,知其所好恶,乃就说其所重,以飞箝之辞,钩其所好,乃以箝求之。 用之于人,则量智能、权财力、料气势,为之枢机,以迎之、随之,以箝和之,以意宣之,此飞箝之缀也。用之于人,则空往而实来,缀而不失,以究其辞,可箝可横,可引而东,可引而西,可引而南,可引而北,可引而反,可引而覆,虽覆能复,不失其度。 忤合第六 原文 凡趋合倍反,计有适合。化转环属,各有形势,反覆相求,因事为制。是以圣人居天地之间,立身、御世、施教、扬声、明名也;必因事物之会,观天时之宜,因知所多所少,以此先知之,与之转化。 世无常贵,事无常师;圣人无常与,无不与;无所听,无不听;成于事而合于计谋,与之为主。合于彼而离于此,计谋不两忠,必有反忤;反于是,忤于彼;忤于此,反于彼。其术也,用之于天下,必量天下而与之;用之于国,必量国而与之;用之于家,必量家而与之;用之于身,必量身材气势而与之;大小进退,其用一也。必先谋虑计定,而后行之以飞箝之术。 古之善背向者,乃协四海,包诸侯忤合之地而化转之,然后求合。故伊尹五就汤,五就桀,而不能所明,然后合于汤。吕尚三就文王,三入殷,而不能有所明,然后合于文王,此知天命之箝,故归之不疑也 。 非至圣达奥,不能御世;非劳心苦思,不能原事;不悉心见情,不能成名;材质不惠,不能用兵;忠实无实,不能知人;故忤合之道,己必自度材能知睿,量长短远近孰不知,乃可以进,乃可以退,乃可以纵,乃可以横。 揣篇第七原文 古之善用天下者,必量天下之权,而揣诸侯之情。量权不审,不知强弱轻重之称;揣情不审,不知隐匿变化之动静。 何谓量权?曰:度于大小,谋于众寡;称货财有无之数,料人民多少、饶乏,有余不足几何?辨地形之险易,孰利孰害?谋虑孰长孰短? 揆君臣之亲疏,孰贤孰不肖?与宾客之智慧,孰多孰少?观天时之祸福,孰吉孰凶?诸侯之交,孰用孰不用?百姓之心,孰安孰危?孰好孰憎?反侧孰辨?能知此者,是谓量权。 揣情者,必以其甚喜之时,往而极其欲也;其有欲也,不能隐其情。必以其甚惧之时,往而极其恶也;其有恶者,不能隐其情。情欲必出其变。感动而不知其变者,乃且错其人勿与语,而更问其所亲,知其所安。夫情变于内者,形见于外,故常必以其者而知其隐者,此所以谓测深探情。 故计国事者,则当审权量;说人主,则当审揣情;谋虑情欲,必出于此。乃可贵,乃可贱;乃可重,乃可轻;乃可利,乃可害;乃可成,乃可败;其数一也。 故虽有先王之道;圣智之谋,非揣情隐匿,无可索之。此谋之大本也,而说之法也。常有事于人,人莫能先,先事而生,此Z难为。故曰:揣情Z难守司。言必时其谋虑。故观蜎飞蠕动,无不有利害,可以生事美。生事者,几之势也。此揣情饰言,成文章而后论之也。 摩篇第八原文 摩者,揣之术也。内符者,揣之主也。用之有道,其道必隐。微摩之以其索欲,测而探之,内符必应;其索应也,必有为之。故微而去之,是谓塞窌匿端,隐貌逃情,而人不知,故能成其事而无患。 摩之在此,符之在彼,从而用之,事无不可。古之善摩者,如操钩而临深渊,饵而投之,必得鱼焉。故曰:主事日成,而人不知;主兵日胜,而人不畏也。圣人谋之于阴,故曰神;成之于阳,故曰明,所谓主事日成者,积德也,而民安之,不知其所以利。积善也,而民道之,不知其所以然;而天下比之神明也。主兵日胜者,常战于不争不费,而民不知所以服,不知所以畏,而天下比之神明。 其摩者,有以平,有以正;有以喜,有以怒;有以名,有以行;有以 廉,有以信;有以利,有以卑。平者,静也。正者,宜也。喜者,悦也。怒者,动也。名者,发也。行者,成也。廉者,洁也。信者,期也。利者,求也。卑者,谄也。故圣人所以独用者,众人皆有之;然无成功者,其用之非也。 故谋莫难于周密,说莫难于悉听,事莫难于必成;此三者唯圣人然后能任之。故谋必欲周密;必择其所与通者说也,故曰:或结而无隙也。夫事成必合于数,故曰:道、数与时相偶者也。说者听,必合于情;故曰:情合者听。故物归类;抱薪趋火,燥者先燃;平地注水,湿者先濡;此物类相应,于事誓犹是也。此言内符之应外摩也如是,故曰:摩之以其类,焉有不相应者;乃摩之以其欲,焉有不听者。故曰 :独行之道。夫几者不晚,成而不拘,久而化成。 注释 摩,顺,合也;意为以事情去顺合于说服之君王。 权篇第九 原文 说者,说之也;说之者,资之也。饰言者,假之也;假之者,益损也。应对者,利辞也;利辞者,轻论也。成义者,明之也;明之者,符验也。(言或反覆,欲相却也。)难言者,却论也;却论者,钓几也 。 佞言者,谄而干忠;谀言者,博而干智;平言者,决而干勇;戚言者,权而干信;静言者,反而干胜。先意承欲者,谄也;繁称文辞者,博也;纵舍不疑者,决也;策选进谋者,权也;他分不足以窒非者,反也。 故口者,机关也;所以关闭情意也。耳目者,心之佐助也;所以窥间见奸邪。故曰:参调而应,利道而动。故繁言而不乱,翱翔而不迷,变易而不危者,(者见)要得理。故无目者不可示以五色,无耳者不可告也五音。故不可以往者,无所开之也。不可以来者,无所受之也 。物有不通者,圣人故不事也。古人有言曰:「口可以食,不可以言」者,有讳忌也。众口铄金,言有曲故也。 人之情,出言则欲听,举事则欲成。是故智者不用其所短而用愚人之所长;不用其所拙而用愚人之所工;故不困也。言其有利者,从其所长也;言其有害者,避其所短也。故介虫之捍也,必以坚厚;螫虫之动也,必以毒螫。故禽兽知用其长,而谈者亦知其用而用也。故曰:辞言有五:曰病、曰恐、曰忧、曰怒、曰喜。病者,感衰气而不神也。恐者,肠绝而无主也。忧者,闭塞而不泄也。怒者,妄动而不治也。喜者,宣散而无要也。此五者精则用之,利则行之。 故与智者言,依于博;与博者言,依于辨;与辨者言,依于要;与贵者言,依于势;与富者言,依于高;与贫者言,依于利;与贱者言,依于谦;与勇者言,依于敢;与愚者言,依于锐;此其术也,而人常反之。是故与智者言,将以此明之;与不智者言,将以此教之;而甚难为也。故言多类,事多变。故终日言不失其类,而事不乱;终日不变,而不失其主。故智贵不忘。听贵聪,辞贵奇。 十凡谋有道,必得其所因,以求其情;审得其情,乃立三仪。三仪者,曰上、曰中、曰下,参以立焉,以生奇;奇不知其所壅;始于古之所从。 故郑人之取玉也,载司南之车,为其不惑也。夫度材、量能、揣情者,亦事之司南也。 故同情而相亲者,其俱成者也;同欲而相疏者,其偏害者也;同恶而相亲者,其俱害者也;同恶而相疏者,偏害者也。故相益则亲,相损则疏,其数行也;此所以察异同之分也。故墙坏于其隙,木毁于其节 ,斯盖其分也。 故变生事,事生谋,谋生计,计生仪,仪生说,说生进,进生退,退生制;因以制于事,故百事一道,而百度一数也。 夫仁人轻货,不可诱以利,可使出费;勇士轻难,不可惧以患,可使据危;智者达于数,明于理,不可欺以不诚,可示以道理,可使立功;是三才也。故愚者易蔽也,不肖者易惧也,贪者易诱也,是因事而裁之。 故为强者,积于弱也;为直者,积于曲也;有余者,积于不足也;此其道术也。 故外亲而内疏者,说内;内亲而外疏者,说外;故因其疑以变之,因其见以然之,因其说以要之,因其势以成之,因其恶以权之,因其患以斥之;摩而恐之,高而动之,微而证之,符而应之,拥而塞之,乱而惑之,是谓计谋。 计谋之用,公不如私,私不如结;结比而无隙者也。正不如奇;奇流而不止者也。故说人主者,必与之言奇;说人臣者,必与之言私。其身内,其言外者,疏;其身外,其言身者,危。无以人之所不欲而强之于人,无以人之所不知而教之于人。人之有好也,学而顺之;人之有恶也,避而讳之;故阴道而阳取之。故去之者,从之;从之者,乘之。貌者不美又不恶,故至情托焉。 可知者,可用也;不可知者,谋者所不用也。故曰:是贵制人,而不贵制于人。制人者,握权也。见制于人者,制命也。故圣人之道阴,愚人之道阳;智者事易,而不智者事难。以此观之,亡不可以为存,而危不可以为安;然而无为而贵智矣。智用于众人之所不能知,而能用于众人之所不能见。既用,见可否,择事而为之,所以自为也。见不可,择事而为之,所以为人也。故先王之道阴。言有之曰:“天地之化,在高在深;圣人之制道,在隐于匿。”非独忠信仁义也,中正而已矣。道理达于此之义,则可于语。由能得此,则可以杀远近之诱。 决篇第十一 原文 凡决物,必托于疑者。善其用福,恶其用患;善至于诱也,终无惑偏 。有利焉,去其利,则不受也;奇之所托。若有利于善者,隐托于恶,则不受矣,致疏远。故其有使失利者,有使离害者,此事之失。 圣人所以能成其事者有五:有以阳德之者,有以阴贼之者,有以信诚 之者,有以蔽匿之者,有以平素之者。阳励于一言,阴励于二言,平素、枢机以用;四者微而施之。于事度之往事,验之来事,参之平素,可则决之。 王公大人之事也,危而美名者,可则决之;不用费力而易成者,可则决之;用力犯勤苦,然不得已而为之者,可贵则决之;去患者,可贵则决之;从福者,可则决之。故夫决情定疑,万事之基,以正治乱,决成败,难为者。故先王乃用蓍龟者,以自决也。 符言第十二 原文 安徐正静,其被节先肉。善与而不静,虚心平意以待倾损。 右主位。 目贵明,耳贵聪,心贵智。以天下之目视者,则无不见;以天下之耳听者,则无不闻;以天下之心思虑者,则无不知;辐辏并进,则明不可塞。 右主明。 德之术曰勿坚而拒之,许之则防守,拒之则闭塞。高山仰之可极,深渊度之可测,神明之德术正静,其莫之极。 右主德。 用赏贵信,用刑贵正。赏赐贵信,必验而目之所闻见,其所不闻见者,莫不谙化矣。诚畅于天下神明,而况奸者干君。 右主赏。 一曰天之,二曰地之,三曰人之;四方上下,左右前后,荧惑之处安在。 右主问。 心为九穷之治,君为五官之长。为善者,君与之赏;为非者,君与之罚。君因其所以求,因与之,则不劳。圣人用之,故能赏之。因之循理,故能长久。 右主因。 人主不可不周;人主不周,则群臣生乱,家于其无常也,内外不通,安知所闻,开闭不善,不见原也。 右主周。 一曰长目,二曰飞耳,三曰树明。明知千里之外,隐微之中,是谓洞天下奸,莫不谙变更。 右主恭。 循名而为贵,安而完,名实相生,反相为情,故曰名当则生于实,实生于理,理生于名实之德,德生于和,和生于当。 右主名。 注释 右:有。 《鬼谷子》转丸第十三 〔原文现已失传〕 《鬼谷子》却乱第十四 〔原文现已失传〕
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- 求鬼谷子和阴符七术全文和和翻译,格式不限。
2016-03-06 19:06:47
434
1
- 鬼谷子兵法
- 内容,注释
2018-11-16 13:16:29
227
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- 求翻译。。。。。。。。。。。
- During the preparation of the nano-products, these nano-units, such as nanoparticles, nanoclusters, nanowires and nanorods, can also self-assemble into the novel structural aggregates by several routes, including electron irradiation deposi... During the preparation of the nano-products, these nano-units, such as nanoparticles, nanoclusters, nanowires and nanorods, can also self-assemble into the novel structural aggregates by several routes, including electron irradiation deposition [19], chemical vapor deposition [20], laser vaporization-condensation [21], charge transferring [22], an organic reagent-assisted method [23], solution-liquid-solid method [24] and catalytic vapor-liquid-solid growth [25]. With these routes, various nanoscale or microscale aggregates can demonstrate novel architectures, including tree-like, web-like, spherical, nanowire-like, network and fishbone-like aggregates. As a well-known method for producing the nanocapsules, however, arc-discharge has been rarely used to synthesize the aggregates self-assembled by the nanocapsules prepared simultaneously in arc-discharge. Nevertheless, it is possible that the arc-discharge can be developed into a new way to synthesize the aggregates. In the present work, we utilized arc-discharge technique with modified strategies, involving changing the hydrogen pressure, introducing gadolinium - aluminum alloy ingot as the anode and adjusting the elements percent of the anode according to their evaporation pressure, to synthesize a new type of nanocapsules, with intermetallic compound GdAl2 as core and amorphous Al2O3 as shell, which enlarge the family of the magnetic nanocapsules. At the same time, the regularly aligned three-dimensional macro-aggregates self-assembled by the nanocapsules without any template and catalyst were simultaneously synthesized in arc-discharge process. 展开
2008-06-09 10:41:10
377
1
- 求化学翻译
- Graphite powder (<20m), hydrazine, ammonia, N,Ndimethylformamide (DMF), dopamine, 0.01M phosphate buffered saline (PBS; 0.138M NaCl, 0.0027M KCl, pH 7.4), and ascorbic acid were purchased form Aldrich and used as received. Doubly disti... Graphite powder (<20m), hydrazine, ammonia, N,Ndimethylformamide (DMF), dopamine, 0.01M phosphate buffered saline (PBS; 0.138M NaCl, 0.0027M KCl, pH 7.4), and ascorbic acid were purchased form Aldrich and used as received. Doubly distilled water was used throughout the whole experiments. The data of cyclic voltammetry (CV), differential pulse voltammetry (DPV), and electrochemical impedance spectra were obtained with a CHI 660 electrochemical workstation (CH instruments, Austin, TX). The electrochemical cell consisted of GCE (3mm diameter, Bioanalytical Systems, Inc.) as working electrode, Ag/AgCl (Bioanalytical Systems, Inc.) as reference electrode, and platinum wire as counter electrode. The impedance data were fitted to an appropriate equivalent circuit using ZsimpWin 3.0 software (Echem Software). The Raman spectra of graphene were obtained by micro-Raman system equipped with a homemade sample stage, a monochromator (SPEX 500 M), and a CCD camera (Roger Scientific model 7346-001) with 514.5nm wavelength laser line. Graphene was characterized by field emission scanning electron microscope (SUPRA 55VP, Carl Zeiss) and atomic force microscope (NanostationII, Surface Imaging Systems). 展开
2012-03-12 11:00:58
403
2
- 文献求翻译
- Since the formation of a titanacyclopropane en route to cyclopropylamines can only occur with alkylmagnesium halides that contain a b-hydrogen atom, Grignard reagents without b-hydrogens appeared to be the most promising reagents for th... Since the formation of a titanacyclopropane en route to cyclopropylamines can only occur with alkylmagnesium halides that contain a b-hydrogen atom, Grignard reagents without b-hydrogens appeared to be the most promising reagents for the synthesis of primary tert-alkylamines from nitriles (Scheme 1). Thus propionitrile (1a), phenylmagnesium bromide (2) and Ti(Oi-Pr)4 were chosen to optimize the reaction conditions. In the protocol for the synthesis of cyclopropylamines,10 Ti(Oi-Pr)4 is already present in the diethyl ether solution of a nitrile, before two equivalents of the Grignard reagent are added. As this did not appear to be optimal for the synthesis of primary tertalkylamines, the Grignard reagent was added before Ti(Oi-Pr)4. With 2 equivalents of PhMgBr, 0.1 equivalent of Ti(Oi-Pr)4, and 1 equivalent of propionitrile (1a), the primary tert-alkylamine 8a was not formed at all. With an equimolar quantity of Ti(Oi-Pr)4, the amine 8a was produced in a low yield (11%) but with 1 equivalent of Ti(Oi- Pr)4 and 3 equivalents of the Grignard reagent 2, a 60% yield of 8a was obtained. Monitoring of the reaction by workup of aliquots of the reaction mixture showed that the first addition of 2 to form the N-magnesio derivative of the corresponding imine was rapid, whereas the subsequent second addition of the Grignard reagent 2 required heating under reflux for up to 24 hours. In tetrahydrofuran instead of diethyl ether, the amine 8a was formed in a very low yield, if at all. 展开
2012-08-31 01:19:05
424
5
- 求韩语翻译
- 3원 촉매然 백금 같은 금속으로 된 수십 나노미터 크기의 촉매 입자가 별집 &... 3원 촉매然 백금 같은 금속으로 된 수십 나노미터 크기의 촉매 입자가 별집 모양의 틀에 발라져 있는 것입니다、 求准确翻译 PS 3元催化剂是安装在汽车排气管上的 展开
2012-12-19 08:48:48
434
1
- 求翻译文献
- Anionsarecommonlyfoundintheenvironmentandbiologicalsystems.Forinstance,fluorideiswidelyusedindentalcareapplicationsandexhibitsinhibitionofcertainenzymefunctions.1Inadditi... Anions are commonly found in the environment and biological systems. For instance, fluoride is widely used in dental care applications and exhibits inhibition of certain enzyme functions.1 In addition to playing a central role in biological regulation, chloride is also a major groundwater contaminant that can corrode steel and concrete.2 Thyroid hormone synthesis largely determines iodine content.3 Acetate is a possible tracer for malignancies and has been extensively investigated in prostate cancer and its metastases.4 Phosphate ion is biologically and environmentally significant.5 Cyanide exerts adverse effects on human health as well as environment at low concentrations. Determining anions concentration is thus of primary concern in many areas, including food processing, industry, and clinic analysis.6 However, hydrophilic anions, such as F- and Cl-, form strong hydrogen bonds with protic solvents. Therefore, developing fluorescent probes based on electrostatic interactions for anions functioning in polar protic solvents is both challenging and currently infeasible. 展开
2009-12-15 12:42:12
422
6
- 继续求翻译
- Ethylacetate(Quimis,p.a.),methanol(Quimis,p.a.),sec-butanol(Merck,HPLCgrade),oleicacid(Merck,extrapure),hydrogenperoxide(Interox,70%,w/waqueoussolution),aluminumoxideforc... Ethyl acetate (Quimis, p.a.), methanol (Quimis, p.a.), sec- butanol (Merck, HPLC grade), oleic acid (Merck, extra pure), hydrogen peroxide (Interox, 70%, w/w aqueous solution), aluminum oxide for chromatography (Fluka, 0.05–0.15 mm), aluminum oxide for column chromatography (Acros Organics, activated, acidic, 0.1–0.5 mm), aluminum tri-sec-butoxide (Aldrich, 99.99%), oxalic acid (Synth, p.a.), di-n-butyl ether (Fluka, >99%) and soybean oil (Cargill) were used as received. The solution of anhydrous hydrogen peroxide (24%, w/w) in ethyl acetate was prepared from aqueous H2O2 (70%, w/w) in ethyl acetate by azeotropic distillation with a Dean-Stark apparatus [14] The products were identified by gas chromatography–mass spectroscopy (GC–MS) using a Hewlett-Packard 5890 gas chromatograph equipped with a AT-Wax column and interfaced with a Hewlett-Packard 5971A mass spectrometer. Helium was used as the carrier gas. A similarly equipped Hewlett-Packard5890 gas chromatograph using nitrogen as the carrier gas and a flame ionization detector was used for product quantification, with the help of calibration curves. 展开
2009-03-18 10:12:57
441
3
- 求《震惊世界的喜马拉雅横断龙》全文
- 王川著 在197911.12期《科学画报》上发表
2018-11-26 01:30:35
365
0
- 高分求高手翻译,不要机械翻译
- Bimetallic dendrimer-encapsulated nanoparticles(DENs)are important materials,because they have demonstrated improvement in performance compared to the monometallic DENs in many systems when they are used as catalysts.This tutorial review fo... Bimetallic dendrimer-encapsulated nanoparticles(DENs)are important materials,because they have demonstrated improvement in performance compared to the monometallic DENs in many systems when they are used as catalysts.This tutorial review focuses on the recent research advances in bimetallic DENs with respect to their synthesis,characterization,and applications as catalysts.Bimetallic DENs can be made mainly via three routes:co-complexation,sequential loading,and partial displacement.The research in bimetallic DENs has been significantly promoted by the advancement of characterization instruments.The performances of bimetallic DENs as homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysts in organic synthesis have been compared with both monometallic DENs and their physical mixtures.It is concluded that the synergistic electronic effect in bimetallic nanoparticles enhances their catalytic activities. 能翻译多少都可以的 展开
2009-03-24 13:04:22
346
2
- 化工专业英语求翻译
- Hollow polymeric spheres have been attracting increasing interest because of their potential applications, which range from targeted drug delivery to advanced functional materi- als.[1,2] Because of their hollow core structure, such poly... Hollow polymeric spheres have been attracting increasing interest because of their potential applications, which range from targeted drug delivery to advanced functional materi- als.[1,2] Because of their hollow core structure, such polymeric spheres can encapsulate large quantities of guest moleculesÐ especially those spheres with functionalities within the empty coreÐand release them at a later stage in a controlled man- ner. Although hollow polymeric spheres with dimensions in the micrometer and submicrometer regions are readily con- structedÐby layer-by-layer deposition of polyelectrolytes onto a template core,[3±6] polymerizing monomers in lipid vesi- cles,[7,8] emulsion polymerization,[9,10] pH-induced micelliza- tion of a grafted copolymer,[11] and by the assembly of posi- tively charged polyelectrolytes and negatively charged nanoparticles[12]Ðthe synthesis of hollow spheres 100 nm or less in size has only recently become the subject of research activity. Several different routes, such as the self-assembly of block copolymers in a selective solvent,[13,14] the deposition of polyelectrolytes on a decomplexable or soluble core,[15,16] and microemulsion (as well as miniemulsion) polymerization,[17,18] have been developed to form hollow polymeric nanospheres. Although some of these methods have been quite successful, these strategies require the core templates to be removed in order to create a hollow interior, or need large quantities of surfactants to form nanosized micelles. Furthermore, although the majority of the proposed applications of hollow nano- spheres or nanocapsules are concentrated in the biomedical field, most of the hollow polymeric spheres described to date are ill-suited for such purposes. Therefore, materials (in par- ticular for the surfaces of the hollow nanospheres) that are biocompatible, non-toxic, and sometimes also biodegradable, are highly desirable. Herein, we demonstrate a simple and di- rect method for fabricating hollow polymeric nanospheres with biocompatible and biodegradable macromolecules. In this approach, hollow polymeric nanospheres were formed in a completely aqueous system without the aid of surfactants, 展开
2013-11-13 05:23:50
464
1
- 求翻译,谢绝机器翻译
- 茶叶中农药残留的检测摘要有机氯农药的脂溶性强,容易在食物链中蓄积,Z终进入人体并对人体产生慢性毒害作用,动物实验证实其有致畸、致癌作用。作为有机氯农药的替代品之一,拟除虫... 茶叶中农药残留的检测 摘 要 有机氯农药的脂溶性强,容易在食物链中蓄积,Z终进入人体并对人体产生慢性毒害作用,动物实验证实其有致畸、致癌作用。作为有机氯农药的替代品之一,拟除虫菊酯类农药在农业生产中得到了广泛应用。这类农药施用量较小、易生物降解、残留期较短,对病毒、害虫、杂草等具有很强的杀伤作用、但该类农药也有一定的蓄积性,部分对人有致畸、致突变的作用。目前国内外茶叶中有机氯和拟除虫菊酯类农药的检测主要采用气相色谱法(GC)和气相色谱-质谱法(GC-MS)。试样中有机氯和拟除虫菊酯农YY有机溶剂石油醚提取,经液液分配及层析净化,用石油醚-乙酸乙酯(95+5)洗脱,收集净化液,于旋转蒸发仪上浓缩近干,石油醚溶解定容,气相色谱-电子捕获检测器检测,根据色谱峰的保留时间定性,外标法定量,检测茶叶中有机氯农药六六六、DDT和拟除虫菊酯类农药、氯氰菊酯、氯菊酯、氰戊菊酯、氟氰戊菊酯等。所建立方法的分析结果与外检结果基本一致。这几种农药在0.0125-3.5000µg/mL范围内线性良好,本方法的添加回收率在81.71%-112.41%之间,本方法具有溶剂使用量少、净化效果好、操作简便、快速、灵敏、准确、可靠等特点,用于贵州地区茶叶样品中有机农药残留测定,获得较好结果。可满足茶叶中六六六、DDT、、氯氰菊酯、氯菊酯、氰戊菊酯、氟氰戊菊酯等多种农药残留检测的需要。 关键词:茶叶 气相色谱 农药残留 有机氯 拟除虫菊酯 展开
2012-05-28 17:34:18
252
2
- 求翻译英文文献
- 2.2. Material Characterizations. A field emission scanning electron microscope (SEM, JEOL 6701F) was used to investigate the morphologies, particle sizes of the samples. Transmission electron microscopy and elemental compositions of the ... 2.2. Material Characterizations. A field emission scanning electron microscope (SEM, JEOL 6701F) was used to investigate the morphologies, particle sizes of the samples. Transmission electron microscopy and elemental compositions of the samples were determined by JEM-2100F (JEOL) coupled with an energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX, Phoenix) system. Wide-angle and low-angle X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) of the as-obtained samples were recorded on a Rigaku D/max-2500 with Cu Kα radiation (λ = 1.540 56 Å) operated at 40 kV and 200 mA. Raman measurements were performed using a DXR from Thermo Scientific with a laser wavelength of 532 nm. To calculate the pore size distribution and pore volumes, the nitrogen absorption and desorption isotherms were measured at 77.3 K with an Autosorb-1 specific surface area analyzer from Quantachrome. The content of N in N-doped porous carbon was determined by NHC elemental analysis using Flash EA 1112. Thermogravimetric (TG) analysis of S/C composite was performed on TG/DTA 6300 in an N2 flow to obtain the S content in the composite. A four-contact method was applied to measure the powder electronic conductivity of porous carbons. The powder sample was pressed to disk at 4 MPa with two stainless-steel plungers, whose resistance was measured by a Keithley 2400 digital multimeter in fourwire mode. The conductivity of the sample was calculated according to the resistance and the size of the disk. Information of the surface elements was obtained by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) performed on the Thermo Scientific ESCALab 250Xi using 200 W monochromatic Al Kα radiation. The 500 μm X-ray spot was used for XPS analysis. The base pressure in the analysis chamber was about 3 × 10−10 mbar. All reported data of XPS binding energy are calibrated based on the hydrocarbon C 1s line at 284.8 eV from adventitious carbon. Spectra were fitted with Lorentzian−Gaussian functions and smart background using Thermo Avantage software. 展开
2014-12-28 15:14:51
549
1
- 急求翻译毕业论文
- 我是妇科专业博士,我们学校要求毕业论文写成双语,即要求把中文的翻译成英文,现急求专业翻译人士,请大家提供这方面信息,非常感谢... 我是妇科专业博士,我们学校要求毕业论文写成双语,即要求把中文的翻译成英文,现急求专业翻译人士,请大家提供这方面信息,非常感谢 展开
2018-11-26 09:40:00
290
0
- 食品安全法草案全文
- 我想知道食品安全法草案的全文以及其中对惩罚性赔偿的规定,请知情者回答,谢谢啦!... 我想知道食品安全法草案的全文以及其中对惩罚性赔偿的规定,请知情者回答,谢谢啦! 展开
2009-07-15 12:02:23
455
3
- 秦俑漫笔 全文
2012-05-27 20:14:29
494
2
- 求GB/T21302—2007《包装用复合膜、袋通则》全文
- 提供标准全文或下载地址,要免费的哦! 还要很快的哦!
2017-12-15 04:39:45
526
1
- 急求一个力控组态软件的工程!项目不限啊!
- 力控6.x版本的急需啊... 力控6.x版本的 急需啊 展开
2018-11-15 12:24:00
381
0
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