求翻译啊~别用有道神马的机器翻译~

pjh806 2013-09-02 12:58:40 442 浏览

翻译成英语翻译内容如下：缺血性心脏病的分类如下：　　一、原发性心脏骤停　　原发性心脏骤停是一突然事件，设想是由于心电不稳定所引起。没有可以作出其它诊断的依据（发生于已证实... 翻译成英语翻译内容如下：缺血性心脏病的分类如下：　　一、原发性心脏骤停　　原发性心脏骤停是一突然事件，设想是由于心电不稳定所引起。没有可以作出其它诊断的依据（发生于已证实为心肌梗塞早期的死亡不包括在内，因而认为是由于心肌梗塞所致死）。如果未作复苏或复苏失败，原发性心脏骤停归诸于猝死（本报告特意略去猝死的定义，因为猝死是心脏骤停的结果）。以往缺血性心脏病的证据可有可无，如果发生死亡时无人见到，则诊断是臆测性的。　　二、心绞痛　　1.劳累性心绞痛：劳累性心绞痛的特征是，由于运动或其它增加心肌需氧量的情况所诱发的短暂胸痛发作。休息或舌下含服硝酸甘油后，疼痛常可迅速消失。劳累性心绞痛分为三类：（1）初发劳累性心绞痛：劳累性心绞痛病程在一个月以内。（2）稳定型劳累性心绞痛：劳累性心绞痛病程稳定在一个月以上。（3）恶化型劳累性心绞痛：同等程度劳累所诱发的胸痛发作次数、严重程度及持续时间突然加重。　　2.自发性心绞痛：自发性心绞痛的特征是，胸痛发作与心肌需氧量的增加无明显关系。与劳累性心绞痛相比，这种疼痛一般持续时间较长，病情较重，且不易为硝酸甘油缓解。未见酶变化，心电图常出现某些暂时性ST段压低或T波改变。自发性心绞痛可以单独发生或与劳累性心绞痛合并存在。　　自发性心绞痛患者的疼痛、发作频率、持续时间及疼痛的程度可有不同的临床表现。有时患者可有持续时间较长的胸痛发作，类似心肌梗塞。但没有心电图及酶的特征性变化。　　某些自发性心绞痛患者，在发作时出现暂时性的ST段抬高，常称为变异型心绞痛（这一心电图表现也可称为Prinzmetal心绞痛，但在Prinzmetal报告前已有其他作者报道描述过这一情况，所以应采用“变异型心绞痛”这一名称。）。但在心肌梗塞早期已记录到这一心电图图形时，不能应用这一名称。　　初发劳累型心绞痛、恶化型心绞痛及自发性心绞痛常统称为“不稳定型心绞痛”。本报告则选用这些各自特异的名称。　　三、心肌梗塞　　1.急性心肌梗塞：急性心肌梗塞的临床诊断常根据病史、心电图和血清酶的变化而作出。　　病史：典型的病史是出现严重而持久的胸痛。有时病史不典型，疼痛可以轻微甚至没有，可以主要为其它症状。心电图：心电图的肯定性改变是出现异常、持久的Q波或QS波以及持续一天以上的演进性损伤电流。当心电图出现这些肯定性变化时，仅凭心电图即可作出诊断。另一些病例，心电图示有不肯定改变，包括：①静止的损伤电流。②T波对称性倒置。③单次心电图记录中有一病理性Q波。④传导障碍。　　血清酶：①肯定性改变包括血清酶浓度的序列变化，或开始升高和继后降低。这种变化，必须与特定的酶以及症状发作和采取血样的时间间隔相联系。心脏特异性同功酶的升高亦认为是肯定性变化。②不肯定改变开始时浓度升高，但不伴随后的降低，不能取得酶活力的曲线。　2.陈旧性心肌梗塞：陈旧性心肌梗塞常根据肯定性心电图改变，没有急性心肌梗塞病史及酶变化而作出诊断。如果没有遗留心电图改变，可根据早先的典型心电图改变或根据以往肯定性血清酶改变而诊断。　　四、缺血性心脏病中的心力衰竭　　缺血性心脏病可因多种原因而发生心力衰竭，它可以是急性心肌梗塞或早先心肌梗塞的并发症，或可由心绞痛发作或心律失常所诱发。在没有以往缺血性心脏病临床或心电图证据的心力衰竭患者（排除其他原因），缺血性心脏病的诊断乃属臆测性。　　五、心律失常　　心律失常可以是缺血性心脏病的唯yi症状。在这种情况下，除非进行冠状动脉造影证明冠状动脉阻塞，否则缺血性心脏病的诊断仍是臆测性的。展开

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he118768 2013-09-03 00:00:00

Ischemic heart disease， is as follows: first， the primary primary cardiac arrest sudden cardiac arrest is a sudden event， conceived as a result of cardiac electrical instability caused. No other diagnosis can be made based on (certified for heart attacks occurred in the early days of death is not included， and thus considered to be death due to myocardial infarction). If no recovery or recovery failed， primary cardiac arrest attributed to sudden death (this report deliberately omitted the definition of sudden death， because death is the result of sudden cardiac arrest). Evidence of ischemic heart disease in the past marginal， if death occurred no one saw， the diagnosis is speculative in nature. Second， angina 1. exertional angina: Exertional angina is characterized， as exercise or other increased myocardial oxygen demand induced by brief attacks of angina. After a rest or sublingual nitroglycerin， pain can often quickly disappears. Exertional angina pectoris are divided into three categories: (1) primary exertional angina pectoris: the course in less than one month of exertional angina. (2) stable exertional angina: modifies the stable exertional angina in more than a month. (3) the deterioration of exertional angina pectoris: the same level of exertion-induced chest pain onset， severity， and duration of a sudden increase in the number. 2. spontaneous angina pectoris: is characterized by spontaneous angina pectoris， chest pain attack with no clear relationship between increased myocardial oxygen demand. Compare with exertional angina pectoris， the pain lasts longer， more heavy， and not easy to ease for nitroglycerin. Changes of no and electrocardiogram often occurs in some transient ST segment depression or t wave changes. Spontaneous angina pectoris can exist alone or in combination with exertional angina pectoris. Spontaneously in patients with angina pain， frequency， duration and degree of pain may have different clinical manifestations. Sometimes patients may have a longer duration of onset of chest pains， like heart attacks. But there is no characteristic changes of ECG and enzymes. Some spontaneous angina patients， there was a temporary ST elevation in attack， often referred to as Variant angina (this egg also known as Prinzmetal Angina， Prinzmetal prior reports by other authors of the report described the situation， so you should use "Variant angina，" this name. ）。 But in ECG of myocardial infarction has been recorded to this graphic， this name cannot be applied. First toil， aggravation of angina pectoris Angina Pectoris and spontaneous angina are often referred to as "unstable angina". This report use these specific names. Third， myocardial infarction 1. acute myocardial infarction: acute myocardial infarction clinical diagnosis based on medical history， electrocardiogram and serum enzyme changes made. History: the typical history is a serious and lasting chest pain. Sometimes history is not typical， pain can be mild or even no， mainly for other symptoms. ECG: positive changes of ECG is abnormal， sustained or QS Q wave and current evolutionary injury more than a day. When the ECG these positive changes， and ECG diagnosis alone. Other cases， EKG shows no change， including: ① static damage current. ② inverted t-wave symmetry. ③ single pathological Q waves in ECG record. ④ conduction disorders. Serum enzymes: ①the positive changes include the sequence changes in serum enzyme concentrations， or begin to rise and subsequent degradation. This change must be the specific enzyme and onset of symptoms associated with the interval of taking blood samples. Cardiac-specific isoforms of higher believe that certainty is change. ② not sure changing the concentration at the beginning， but without following the lower curve of the enzyme activity can be achieved. 2. in old myocardial infarction: the electrocardiogram changes in old myocardial infarction under certainty， no changes of history and make a diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction. If there is no legacy ECG changes， according to earlier characteristic ECG changes or based on previous positive serum enzyme changes in diagnosis. IV congestive heart failure， ischaemic heart disease heart failure of ischemic heart disease may occur for a variety of reasons， it can be a complication of acute myocardial infarction or heart attack earlier， or can be induced by angina or arrhythmia. In no previous clinical or electrocardiographic evidence of congestive heart failure in patients with ischemic heart disease (excluding other causes)， the diagnosis of ischemic heart disease is an iatrogenic. Five， arrhythmia arrhythmias are the only symptoms of ischemic heart disease. In such cases， unless there is proof of coronary Arteriography of coronary artery occlusion， or ischemic heart disease diagnosis is still guesswork.

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求翻译啊~别用有道神马的机器翻译~: 翻译成英语翻译内容如下：缺血性心脏病的分类如下：　　一、原发性心脏骤停　　原发性心脏骤停是一突然事件，设想是由于心电不稳定所引起。没有可以作出其它诊断的依据（发生于已证实... 翻译成英语翻译内容如下：缺血性心脏病的分类如下：　　一、原发性心脏骤停　　原发性心脏骤停是一突然事件，设想是由于心电不稳定所引起。没有可以作出其它诊断的依据（发生于已证实为心肌梗塞早期的死亡不包括在内，因而认为是由于心肌梗塞所致死）。如果未作复苏或复苏失败，原发性心脏骤停归诸于猝死（本报告特意略去猝死的定义，因为猝死是心脏骤停的结果）。以往缺血性心脏病的证据可有可无，如果发生死亡时无人见到，则诊断是臆测性的。　　二、心绞痛　　1.劳累性心绞痛：劳累性心绞痛的特征是，由于运动或其它增加心肌需氧量的情况所诱发的短暂胸痛发作。休息或舌下含服硝酸甘油后，疼痛常可迅速消失。劳累性心绞痛分为三类：（1）初发劳累性心绞痛：劳累性心绞痛病程在一个月以内。（2）稳定型劳累性心绞痛：劳累性心绞痛病程稳定在一个月以上。（3）恶化型劳累性心绞痛：同等程度劳累所诱发的胸痛发作次数、严重程度及持续时间突然加重。　　2.自发性心绞痛：自发性心绞痛的特征是，胸痛发作与心肌需氧量的增加无明显关系。与劳累性心绞痛相比，这种疼痛一般持续时间较长，病情较重，且不易为硝酸甘油缓解。未见酶变化，心电图常出现某些暂时性ST段压低或T波改变。自发性心绞痛可以单独发生或与劳累性心绞痛合并存在。　　自发性心绞痛患者的疼痛、发作频率、持续时间及疼痛的程度可有不同的临床表现。有时患者可有持续时间较长的胸痛发作，类似心肌梗塞。但没有心电图及酶的特征性变化。　　某些自发性心绞痛患者，在发作时出现暂时性的ST段抬高，常称为变异型心绞痛（这一心电图表现也可称为Prinzmetal心绞痛，但在Prinzmetal报告前已有其他作者报道描述过这一情况，所以应采用“变异型心绞痛”这一名称。）。但在心肌梗塞早期已记录到这一心电图图形时，不能应用这一名称。　　初发劳累型心绞痛、恶化型心绞痛及自发性心绞痛常统称为“不稳定型心绞痛”。本报告则选用这些各自特异的名称。　　三、心肌梗塞　　1.急性心肌梗塞：急性心肌梗塞的临床诊断常根据病史、心电图和血清酶的变化而作出。　　病史：典型的病史是出现严重而持久的胸痛。有时病史不典型，疼痛可以轻微甚至没有，可以主要为其它症状。心电图：心电图的肯定性改变是出现异常、持久的Q波或QS波以及持续一天以上的演进性损伤电流。当心电图出现这些肯定性变化时，仅凭心电图即可作出诊断。另一些病例，心电图示有不肯定改变，包括：①静止的损伤电流。②T波对称性倒置。③单次心电图记录中有一病理性Q波。④传导障碍。　　血清酶：①肯定性改变包括血清酶浓度的序列变化，或开始升高和继后降低。这种变化，必须与特定的酶以及症状发作和采取血样的时间间隔相联系。心脏特异性同功酶的升高亦认为是肯定性变化。②不肯定改变开始时浓度升高，但不伴随后的降低，不能取得酶活力的曲线。　2.陈旧性心肌梗塞：陈旧性心肌梗塞常根据肯定性心电图改变，没有急性心肌梗塞病史及酶变化而作出诊断。如果没有遗留心电图改变，可根据早先的典型心电图改变或根据以往肯定性血清酶改变而诊断。　　四、缺血性心脏病中的心力衰竭　　缺血性心脏病可因多种原因而发生心力衰竭，它可以是急性心肌梗塞或早先心肌梗塞的并发症，或可由心绞痛发作或心律失常所诱发。在没有以往缺血性心脏病临床或心电图证据的心力衰竭患者（排除其他原因），缺血性心脏病的诊断乃属臆测性。　　五、心律失常　　心律失常可以是缺血性心脏病的唯yi症状。在这种情况下，除非进行冠状动脉造影证明冠状动脉阻塞，否则缺血性心脏病的诊断仍是臆测性的。展开

求翻译，谢绝机器翻译: 茶叶中农药残留的检测摘要有机氯农药的脂溶性强，容易在食物链中蓄积，Z终进入人体并对人体产生慢性毒害作用，动物实验证实其有致畸、致癌作用。作为有机氯农药的替代品之一，拟除虫... 茶叶中农药残留的检测摘要有机氯农药的脂溶性强，容易在食物链中蓄积，Z终进入人体并对人体产生慢性毒害作用，动物实验证实其有致畸、致癌作用。作为有机氯农药的替代品之一，拟除虫菊酯类农药在农业生产中得到了广泛应用。这类农药施用量较小、易生物降解、残留期较短，对病毒、害虫、杂草等具有很强的杀伤作用、但该类农药也有一定的蓄积性，部分对人有致畸、致突变的作用。目前国内外茶叶中有机氯和拟除虫菊酯类农药的检测主要采用气相色谱法（GC）和气相色谱-质谱法（GC-MS）。试样中有机氯和拟除虫菊酯农YY有机溶剂石油醚提取，经液液分配及层析净化，用石油醚-乙酸乙酯（95+5）洗脱，收集净化液，于旋转蒸发仪上浓缩近干，石油醚溶解定容，气相色谱-电子捕获检测器检测，根据色谱峰的保留时间定性，外标法定量，检测茶叶中有机氯农药六六六、DDT和拟除虫菊酯类农药、氯氰菊酯、氯菊酯、氰戊菊酯、氟氰戊菊酯等。所建立方法的分析结果与外检结果基本一致。这几种农药在0.0125-3.5000µg/mL范围内线性良好，本方法的添加回收率在81.71%-112.41%之间，本方法具有溶剂使用量少、净化效果好、操作简便、快速、灵敏、准确、可靠等特点，用于贵州地区茶叶样品中有机农药残留测定，获得较好结果。可满足茶叶中六六六、DDT、、氯氰菊酯、氯菊酯、氰戊菊酯、氟氰戊菊酯等多种农药残留检测的需要。关键词：茶叶气相色谱农药残留有机氯拟除虫菊酯展开

求翻译，不求专业，但求通顺，GOOGLE，有道，亦可！急！！！: UsingthePhillipscurvetoanalyzethedynamicimpactofoilpricefluctuationonU.S.inflation，Hooker(2002)firstproposedthisviewandfoundthattherelationshipcanbenegligibleinthelaterha... Using the Phillips curve to analyze the dynamic impact of oil price fluctuation on U.S. inflation， Hooker (2002) first proposed this view and found that the relationship can be negligible in the later half of the study period [5]. Jones et al. (2004) also support this view by summarizing the related literature [6]. However， as Balke et al. (2008) pointed out that these documents only can explain the phenomenon of gradually weakened negative relationship， and it can not explain why the relationship now is positive [3]. So the existing literature can not effectively explain the cause of the changing relationship. Generally in the oil market the sources leading to price fluctuation are comprised of oil supply shocks， economic demand shocks and precautionary demand shocks. Oil supply shocks are the factors that impact oil price fluctuation through oil production volatility. Economic demand shocks are the world economic factors that impact oil price fluctuation through world oil demand volatility. Precautionary demand shocks are specific to the crude oil market and designed to capture shifts in the price of oil driven by higher precautionary demand associated with fears about the availability of future oil supplies. If oil price is driven by different factors， the economic consequences will be different. When commenting on the view of Blanchard and Gali (2007) [7]， U.S. energy economic research scholar Rotemberg (2007) [8] also pointed out that the dynamic changing relationship between oil price fluctuation and economic development can be interpreted from this angle， but he did not carry out theoretical and empirical analysis. This is precisely the source of the ideas of the paper. 展开

求翻译。。。。。。。。。。。: During the preparation of the nano-products， these nano-units， such as nanoparticles， nanoclusters， nanowires and nanorods， can also self-assemble into the novel structural aggregates by several routes， including electron irradiation deposi... During the preparation of the nano-products， these nano-units， such as nanoparticles， nanoclusters， nanowires and nanorods， can also self-assemble into the novel structural aggregates by several routes， including electron irradiation deposition [19]， chemical vapor deposition [20]， laser vaporization-condensation [21]， charge transferring [22]， an organic reagent-assisted method [23]， solution-liquid-solid method [24] and catalytic vapor-liquid-solid growth [25]. With these routes， various nanoscale or microscale aggregates can demonstrate novel architectures， including tree-like， web-like， spherical， nanowire-like， network and fishbone-like aggregates. As a well-known method for producing the nanocapsules， however， arc-discharge has been rarely used to synthesize the aggregates self-assembled by the nanocapsules prepared simultaneously in arc-discharge. Nevertheless， it is possible that the arc-discharge can be developed into a new way to synthesize the aggregates. In the present work， we utilized arc-discharge technique with modified strategies， involving changing the hydrogen pressure， introducing gadolinium - aluminum alloy ingot as the anode and adjusting the elements percent of the anode according to their evaporation pressure， to synthesize a new type of nanocapsules， with intermetallic compound GdAl2 as core and amorphous Al2O3 as shell， which enlarge the family of the magnetic nanocapsules. At the same time， the regularly aligned three-dimensional macro-aggregates self-assembled by the nanocapsules without any template and catalyst were simultaneously synthesized in arc-discharge process. 展开

求化学翻译: Graphite powder (<20m)， hydrazine， ammonia， N，Ndimethylformamide (DMF)， dopamine， 0.01M phosphate buffered saline (PBS; 0.138M NaCl， 0.0027M KCl， pH 7.4)， and ascorbic acid were purchased form Aldrich and used as received. Doubly disti... Graphite powder (<20m)， hydrazine， ammonia， N，Ndimethylformamide (DMF)， dopamine， 0.01M phosphate buffered saline (PBS; 0.138M NaCl， 0.0027M KCl， pH 7.4)， and ascorbic acid were purchased form Aldrich and used as received. Doubly distilled water was used throughout the whole experiments. The data of cyclic voltammetry (CV)， differential pulse voltammetry (DPV)， and electrochemical impedance spectra were obtained with a CHI 660 electrochemical workstation (CH instruments， Austin， TX). The electrochemical cell consisted of GCE (3mm diameter， Bioanalytical Systems， Inc.) as working electrode， Ag/AgCl (Bioanalytical Systems， Inc.) as reference electrode， and platinum wire as counter electrode. The impedance data were fitted to an appropriate equivalent circuit using ZsimpWin 3.0 software (Echem Software). The Raman spectra of graphene were obtained by micro-Raman system equipped with a homemade sample stage， a monochromator (SPEX 500 M)， and a CCD camera (Roger Scientific model 7346-001) with 514.5nm wavelength laser line. Graphene was characterized by field emission scanning electron microscope (SUPRA 55VP， Carl Zeiss) and atomic force microscope (NanostationII， Surface Imaging Systems). 展开

文献求翻译: Since the formation of a titanacyclopropane en route to cyclopropylamines can only occur with alkylmagnesium halides that contain a b-hydrogen atom， Grignard reagents without b-hydrogens appeared to be the most promising reagents for th... Since the formation of a titanacyclopropane en route to cyclopropylamines can only occur with alkylmagnesium halides that contain a b-hydrogen atom， Grignard reagents without b-hydrogens appeared to be the most promising reagents for the synthesis of primary tert-alkylamines from nitriles (Scheme 1). Thus propionitrile (1a)， phenylmagnesium bromide (2) and Ti(Oi-Pr)4 were chosen to optimize the reaction conditions. In the protocol for the synthesis of cyclopropylamines，10 Ti(Oi-Pr)4 is already present in the diethyl ether solution of a nitrile， before two equivalents of the Grignard reagent are added. As this did not appear to be optimal for the synthesis of primary tertalkylamines， the Grignard reagent was added before Ti(Oi-Pr)4. With 2 equivalents of PhMgBr， 0.1 equivalent of Ti(Oi-Pr)4， and 1 equivalent of propionitrile (1a)， the primary tert-alkylamine 8a was not formed at all. With an equimolar quantity of Ti(Oi-Pr)4， the amine 8a was produced in a low yield (11%) but with 1 equivalent of Ti(Oi- Pr)4 and 3 equivalents of the Grignard reagent 2， a 60% yield of 8a was obtained. Monitoring of the reaction by workup of aliquots of the reaction mixture showed that the first addition of 2 to form the N-magnesio derivative of the corresponding imine was rapid， whereas the subsequent second addition of the Grignard reagent 2 required heating under reflux for up to 24 hours. In tetrahydrofuran instead of diethyl ether， the amine 8a was formed in a very low yield， if at all. 展开

求韩语翻译: 3원 촉매然 백금 같은 금속으로 된 수십 나노미터 크기의 촉매 입자가 별집 &... 3원 촉매然 백금 같은 금속으로 된 수십 나노미터 크기의 촉매 입자가 별집 모양의 틀에 발라져 있는 것입니다、求准确翻译 PS 3元催化剂是安装在汽车排气管上的展开

求翻译文献: Anionsarecommonlyfoundintheenvironmentandbiologicalsystems.Forinstance，fluorideiswidelyusedindentalcareapplicationsandexhibitsinhibitionofcertainenzymefunctions.1Inadditi... Anions are commonly found in the environment and biological systems. For instance， fluoride is widely used in dental care applications and exhibits inhibition of certain enzyme functions.1 In addition to playing a central role in biological regulation， chloride is also a major groundwater contaminant that can corrode steel and concrete.2 Thyroid hormone synthesis largely determines iodine content.3 Acetate is a possible tracer for malignancies and has been extensively investigated in prostate cancer and its metastases.4 Phosphate ion is biologically and environmentally significant.5 Cyanide exerts adverse effects on human health as well as environment at low concentrations. Determining anions concentration is thus of primary concern in many areas， including food processing， industry， and clinic analysis.6 However， hydrophilic anions， such as F- and Cl-， form strong hydrogen bonds with protic solvents. Therefore， developing fluorescent probes based on electrostatic interactions for anions functioning in polar protic solvents is both challenging and currently infeasible. 展开

继续求翻译: Ethylacetate(Quimis，p.a.)，methanol(Quimis，p.a.)，sec-butanol(Merck，HPLCgrade)，oleicacid(Merck，extrapure)，hydrogenperoxide(Interox，70%，w/waqueoussolution)，aluminumoxideforc... Ethyl acetate (Quimis， p.a.)， methanol (Quimis， p.a.)， sec- butanol (Merck， HPLC grade)， oleic acid (Merck， extra pure)， hydrogen peroxide (Interox， 70%， w/w aqueous solution)， aluminum oxide for chromatography (Fluka， 0.05–0.15 mm)， aluminum oxide for column chromatography (Acros Organics， activated， acidic， 0.1–0.5 mm)， aluminum tri-sec-butoxide (Aldrich， 99.99%)， oxalic acid (Synth， p.a.)， di-n-butyl ether (Fluka， >99%) and soybean oil (Cargill) were used as received. The solution of anhydrous hydrogen peroxide (24%， w/w) in ethyl acetate was prepared from aqueous H2O2 (70%， w/w) in ethyl acetate by azeotropic distillation with a Dean-Stark apparatus [14] The products were identified by gas chromatography–mass spectroscopy (GC–MS) using a Hewlett-Packard 5890 gas chromatograph equipped with a AT-Wax column and interfaced with a Hewlett-Packard 5971A mass spectrometer. Helium was used as the carrier gas. A similarly equipped Hewlett-Packard5890 gas chromatograph using nitrogen as the carrier gas and a flame ionization detector was used for product quantification， with the help of calibration curves. 展开

急求帮我翻译一段电力专业英语文章啊！！: What's therole of the Supercapacitor? The supercapacitor resembles a regular capacitorwith the exception that it offers very high capacitance in a small package.Energy storage is by means of static charge rather than of an electro-che... What's therole of the Supercapacitor? The supercapacitor resembles a regular capacitorwith the exception that it offers very high capacitance in a small package.Energy storage is by means of static charge rather than of an electro-chemicalprocess that is inherent to the battery. Applying a voltage differential on thepositive and negative plates charges the supercapacitor. This concept issimilar to an electrical charge that builds up when walking on a carpet. Thesupercapacitor concept has been around for a number of years. Newer designsallow higher capacities in a smaller size. Whereas a regular capacitor consists ofconductive foils and a dry separator， the supercapacitor crosses into batterytechnology by using special electrodes and some electrolyte. There are threetypes of electrode materials suitable for the supercapacitor. They are: highsurface area activated carbons， metal oxide and conducting polymers. The highsurface electrode material， also called Double Layer Capacitor (DLC)， is leastcostly to manufacture and is the most common. It stores the energy in thedouble layer formed near the carbon electrode surface. 展开

高分求高手翻译，不要机械翻译: Bimetallic dendrimer-encapsulated nanoparticles(DENs)are important materials，because they have demonstrated improvement in performance compared to the monometallic DENs in many systems when they are used as catalysts.This tutorial review fo... Bimetallic dendrimer-encapsulated nanoparticles(DENs)are important materials，because they have demonstrated improvement in performance compared to the monometallic DENs in many systems when they are used as catalysts.This tutorial review focuses on the recent research advances in bimetallic DENs with respect to their synthesis，characterization，and applications as catalysts.Bimetallic DENs can be made mainly via three routes:co-complexation，sequential loading，and partial displacement.The research in bimetallic DENs has been significantly promoted by the advancement of characterization instruments.The performances of bimetallic DENs as homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysts in organic synthesis have been compared with both monometallic DENs and their physical mixtures.It is concluded that the synergistic electronic effect in bimetallic nanoparticles enhances their catalytic activities. 能翻译多少都可以的展开

化工专业英语求翻译: Hollow polymeric spheres have been attracting increasing interest because of their potential applications， which range from targeted drug delivery to advanced functional materi- als.[1，2] Because of their hollow core structure， such poly... Hollow polymeric spheres have been attracting increasing interest because of their potential applications， which range from targeted drug delivery to advanced functional materi- als.[1，2] Because of their hollow core structure， such polymeric spheres can encapsulate large quantities of guest moleculesÐ especially those spheres with functionalities within the empty coreÐand release them at a later stage in a controlled man- ner. Although hollow polymeric spheres with dimensions in the micrometer and submicrometer regions are readily con- structedÐby layer-by-layer deposition of polyelectrolytes onto a template core，[3±6] polymerizing monomers in lipid vesi- cles，[7，8] emulsion polymerization，[9，10] pH-induced micelliza- tion of a grafted copolymer，[11] and by the assembly of posi- tively charged polyelectrolytes and negatively charged nanoparticles[12]Ðthe synthesis of hollow spheres 100 nm or less in size has only recently become the subject of research activity. Several different routes， such as the self-assembly of block copolymers in a selective solvent，[13，14] the deposition of polyelectrolytes on a decomplexable or soluble core，[15，16] and microemulsion (as well as miniemulsion) polymerization，[17，18] have been developed to form hollow polymeric nanospheres. Although some of these methods have been quite successful， these strategies require the core templates to be removed in order to create a hollow interior， or need large quantities of surfactants to form nanosized micelles. Furthermore， although the majority of the proposed applications of hollow nano- spheres or nanocapsules are concentrated in the biomedical field， most of the hollow polymeric spheres described to date are ill-suited for such purposes. Therefore， materials (in par- ticular for the surfaces of the hollow nanospheres) that are biocompatible， non-toxic， and sometimes also biodegradable， are highly desirable. Herein， we demonstrate a simple and di- rect method for fabricating hollow polymeric nanospheres with biocompatible and biodegradable macromolecules. In this approach， hollow polymeric nanospheres were formed in a completely aqueous system without the aid of surfactants，展开

求翻译英文文献: 2.2. Material Characterizations. A field emission scanning electron microscope (SEM， JEOL 6701F) was used to investigate the morphologies， particle sizes of the samples. Transmission electron microscopy and elemental compositions of the ... 2.2. Material Characterizations. A field emission scanning electron microscope (SEM， JEOL 6701F) was used to investigate the morphologies， particle sizes of the samples. Transmission electron microscopy and elemental compositions of the samples were determined by JEM-2100F (JEOL) coupled with an energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX， Phoenix) system. Wide-angle and low-angle X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) of the as-obtained samples were recorded on a Rigaku D/max-2500 with Cu Kα radiation (λ = 1.540 56 Å) operated at 40 kV and 200 mA. Raman measurements were performed using a DXR from Thermo Scientific with a laser wavelength of 532 nm. To calculate the pore size distribution and pore volumes， the nitrogen absorption and desorption isotherms were measured at 77.3 K with an Autosorb-1 specific surface area analyzer from Quantachrome. The content of N in N-doped porous carbon was determined by NHC elemental analysis using Flash EA 1112. Thermogravimetric (TG) analysis of S/C composite was performed on TG/DTA 6300 in an N2 flow to obtain the S content in the composite. A four-contact method was applied to measure the powder electronic conductivity of porous carbons. The powder sample was pressed to disk at 4 MPa with two stainless-steel plungers， whose resistance was measured by a Keithley 2400 digital multimeter in fourwire mode. The conductivity of the sample was calculated according to the resistance and the size of the disk. Information of the surface elements was obtained by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) performed on the Thermo Scientific ESCALab 250Xi using 200 W monochromatic Al Kα radiation. The 500 μm X-ray spot was used for XPS analysis. The base pressure in the analysis chamber was about 3 × 10−10 mbar. All reported data of XPS binding energy are calibrated based on the hydrocarbon C 1s line at 284.8 eV from adventitious carbon. Spectra were fitted with Lorentzian−Gaussian functions and smart background using Thermo Avantage software. 展开

急求翻译毕业论文: 我是妇科专业博士，我们学校要求毕业论文写成双语，即要求把中文的翻译成英文，现急求专业翻译人士，请大家提供这方面信息，非常感谢... 我是妇科专业博士，我们学校要求毕业论文写成双语，即要求把中文的翻译成英文，现急求专业翻译人士，请大家提供这方面信息，非常感谢展开

中文翻译成英文，汽车变速器实验台使用说明.求专业翻译，谢绝机器翻译: diyi章操作说明一.实验台简介1.实验台示意图2.故障设置二．使用注意事项：1.380V三相电压是否安全，2，220v二相电压是否安全，2.安装蓄电池时必须注意正负极《220V变压12V.DC》，安装错... diyi章操作说明一.实验台简介 1.实验台示意图 2.故障设置二．使用注意事项： 1.380V三相电压是否安全， 2，220v二相电压是否安全， 2.安装蓄电池时必须注意正负极《220V变压12V.DC》，安装错误容易导致控制模块、传感器与执行器的损害以及不必要的火灾发生； 3.启动远行，应注意并通知周边的学生，头、手、衣物等切勿靠近运行部件（如：三相电机带动皮带和传动糸统等），以防止不必要的损伤； 6.检测时可通过面板原理图上进行检测，不用拔拉插头，以防插头接触不良; 7.在下列情况下必须踩刹车，输出轴转速停止后方能换挡：退回P档； N档或其他前进档（D\2\L）档换回R档时三．实训准备工作设备实训前应准备工作： 1.检查设备是否有安装蓄电池，电压是否充足； 1.380V三相电压是否安全接解完好 2，220v二相电压是否安全接解完好 3.检查变速器排档油是否正常； 5. 远行时，检查变速器是否有异响、运行是否正常等，如有不正常请及时联系生产厂家进行维修； 7变速器.运行后检查是否漏油、漏水等； 8.检查检测面板上的测量端子是否有松动，信号表及各个指示灯是否工作正常； 9.熟练操作实训设备，掌握发动机各个传感器、执行器的安装位置与性能特征。四．使用操作说明： 1.安装好蓄电池，闭合电源总开关（顺时针闭合，逆时针断开），电源总开关位于挂档杆侧； 2.打开点火开关至ON，检查仪表指示灯是否正常； 3.启动发动机（启动发动机前应通知周边学生），可用万用表在检测面板上进行检测； 4.面板右侧有故障设置区，‘0’为断路，‘1’为通路（即正常）； 5.设置故障后可安排学生进行检测以及故障判断与分析； 5.面板上安装有信号表，指示各传感器与执行器的信号电压；五．实训项目： 1.蓄电池的安装； 2.各个传感器与执行器的安装位置以及性能； 3.传感器的检测； 4.传感器设置故障后出现的异常现象，传感器的故障判断与 5.示波器的使用与分析。 6.变速器档位开关实训； 7变速器的油面检查、油质检查、油门拉索检查与调整、机械系统测试（失速试验、时滞试验、油压测试）等六．实训完毕后备事项 1.断开电源总开关，以备下次使用； 2.记录实训设备是否有故障未解决（如有故障及时通知厂家或安排专业人员维修）； 3.记录下次使用时需准备的材料（含易损件）； 4.保持实训台干净整洁，并摆放归位展开

急急急！！！！英语好的能帮忙翻译一下吗别用任何翻译器！！: 将一粒种子放入装满泥土的塑料杯子里将圆筒里的ph5倒十毫升倒入烧杯里将烧杯中的十毫升倒入塑料杯子里... 将一粒种子放入装满泥土的塑料杯子里将圆筒里的ph5 倒十毫升倒入烧杯里将烧杯中的十毫升倒入塑料杯子里展开

到底神马意思:

求日语日文翻译帮忙翻译一下。。。万分感谢: 请求项2记载の透明硬脆材料のレーザ加工装置において、前记半透过ミラー及び前记反射ミラーにおける凹面のそれぞれの焦点位置が、同位置となるよう配置したことを特徴とするレーザ加工装置。

求翻译Cu2+-Selective Ratiometric and “Off-On”: Varioustransition-metalionsarecrucialforthelifeoforganisms.1Amongtheseisthecopperion，whichplaysacriticalroleasacatalyticcofactorforavarietyofmetalloenzymes，includingsuper... Various transition-metal ions are crucial for the life of organisms.1 Among these is the copper ion， which plays a critical role as a catalytic cofactor for a variety of metalloenzymes， including superoxide dismutase， cytochrome c oxidase， and tyrosinase. However， under overloading conditions， copper exhibits toxicity in that it causes neurodegenerative diseases (e.g.， Alzheimer’s and Wilson’s diseases) probably by its involvement in the production of reactive oxygen species.2 Consequently， organisms tightly regulate internal concentrations of copper. Owing to the Janus-faced properties of copper in organisms， numerous efforts have been undertaken to develop efficient and selective methods to assess copper ions in cells and organisms. In addition，copper is a significant metal pollutant due to its widespread use. The toxicity of copper ions for humans is rather low compared to other heavy metals， but certain microorganisms are affected by even submicromolar concentrations of Cu2+.3 Even though fluorescent probes for copper ion have been extensively explored owing to biological significance of this metal ion，4 there are still only a few examples of “off-on” type sensors available in aqueous systems.5 Furthermore， only a few ratiometric fluorescent probes for Cu2+ have been found in the literature due the fluorescence quenching nature of paramagnetic Cu2+，6 and most of them were working only in pure organic solvents. Ratiometric fluorescent measurements observe changes in the ratio of the intensities of the emission at two wavelengths. Thus， ratiometric fluorescent sensors have an important feature that they can be used to evaluate the analyte concentration and provide built-in correction for environmental effects. 展开

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