跪求高手猛人帮忙翻译！！！！急

wkxhuybi 2007-05-30 15:31:02 405 浏览

梨雌蕊RNA的提取及效果分析梨是全世界一个重要的，分布广泛的果树。栽培面积大，历史悠久。梨也是配子体自交不亲和的代表植物之一。S基因是影响植物自交不亲和的关键基因，现在世界上共发现了？个S等位基因，对植物自交不亲和机理的研究起着非常重要的... 梨雌蕊RNA的提取及效果分析梨是全世界一个重要的，分布广泛的果树。栽培面积大，历史悠久。梨也是配子体自交不亲和的代表植物之一。S基因是影响植物自交不亲和的关键基因，现在世界上共发现了？个S等位基因，对植物自交不亲和机理的研究起着非常重要的作用。本实验从？梨雌蕊中提取总RNA，然后运用RT-PCR，RACE等技术来获取S15基因的cDNA全长，并用琼脂糖凝胶电泳，核酸蛋白仪，套式PCE，质粒克隆，目的基因测序以及生物信息学软件来检测，分析提取RNA的质量。实验结果得到了高质量的RNA以及S15基因cDNA全长。展开

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af05522 2007-05-31 00:00:00

Pear pistil RNA withdraws and the effect analysis The pear is world important， distributes the widespread fruittree. Cultivation area big， the history is glorious. The pear also is配子体 the inbred line does not kiss one of with representativeplants. The S gene affects the plant inbred line does not kiss withthe essential gene， now in the world altogether discovered? The Sallele， does not kiss to the plant inbred line with the mechanismresearch count for much function. This experiment from? In the pear pistil withdraws total RNA， thenutilizes RT-PCR， technology and so on RACE gains S15 the gene the DNAspan， and swims with 琼脂糖 the gelatin electricity， the nucleicacid protein meter， model PCE， the material particle clone， the goalgene measured the foreword as well as biological information studysoftware examines， the analysis withdraws RNA the quality. Theexperimental result obtained high grade RNA as well as S15 the geneDNA span. 楼上的少翻译一句..固有名词可以用中文..呵...

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我前天订的 2007-05-31 00:00:00

Pear is the world an important and widely scattered shrubs. Cultivation area， has a long history. Pear is gametophyte self-incompatibility and the representatives of one of the plants. S gene is affecting plant self-incompatibility and the key genes， the world discovered? S allele of plant self-incompatibility and mechanistic studies play a very important role. From this experiment? Pistil pears from the total RNA， then using RT-PCR， RACE S15 technology to obtain full-length cDNA， and with agarose gel electrophoresis， nucleic acid protein NG， Nested PCE， plasmid cloning， gene sequencing and bioinformatics software to detect， analyze the quality of RNA extraction. Experimental results of the quality of the RNA and S15 Full-length cDNA.

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跪求高手猛人帮忙翻译！！！！急: 梨雌蕊RNA的提取及效果分析梨是全世界一个重要的，分布广泛的果树。栽培面积大，历史悠久。梨也是配子体自交不亲和的代表植物之一。S基因是影响植物自交不亲和的关键基因，现在世界上共发现了？个S等位基因，对植物自交不亲和机理的研究起着非常重要的... 梨雌蕊RNA的提取及效果分析梨是全世界一个重要的，分布广泛的果树。栽培面积大，历史悠久。梨也是配子体自交不亲和的代表植物之一。S基因是影响植物自交不亲和的关键基因，现在世界上共发现了？个S等位基因，对植物自交不亲和机理的研究起着非常重要的作用。本实验从？梨雌蕊中提取总RNA，然后运用RT-PCR，RACE等技术来获取S15基因的cDNA全长，并用琼脂糖凝胶电泳，核酸蛋白仪，套式PCE，质粒克隆，目的基因测序以及生物信息学软件来检测，分析提取RNA的质量。实验结果得到了高质量的RNA以及S15基因cDNA全长。展开

跪求（急求）帮忙翻译一下: 无机前处理室主要开展食品样品中无机检测进仪器前的预处理工作。通过向食品样品中加入强氧化性酸，采用微波消解技术或电热板加热技术使被测无机组分从复杂的样品中分离出来，除去对分... 无机前处理室主要开展食品样品中无机检测进仪器前的预处理工作。通过向食品样品中加入强氧化性酸，采用微波消解技术或电热板加热技术使被测无机组分从复杂的样品中分离出来，除去对分析测定有干扰的基本物质，制成便于测定的溶液形式。样品的预处理过程都是在无机前处理室进行的。主要仪器：ETHOS A微波消解仪、SD500电热板、Mill-Q Advandage A10超纯水仪等。光谱室主要开展食品、饮用水等样品中重金属元素含量检测工作，各类仪器针对不同的物质进行检测有其各自的优势。原子吸收光谱仪耶拿ZEEnie-700系列仪器主要用于铅、镉、铜、铬、锰、锌、铁、钙、镁、钾、钠等项目检测，双道原子荧光光度计吉天AFS-820a系列仪器主要用于砷、汞、锡等项目检测。光谱分析技术已经被广泛应用于食品和水质检测、环境保护、医药卫生等领域。主要仪器：原子吸收光谱仪耶拿ZEEnie-700系列、双道原子荧光光度计AFS-820a系列。承检项目：食品、饮用水中重金属铅、镉、铜、铬、锰、锌、铁、钙、镁、钾、钠、砷、汞、锡等。要英文的谢谢展开

高手帮忙翻译！！+100: 虚拟仪器是一种新的测试与测控技术，近年来得到了迅速发展，基于虚拟仪器的机器视觉系统就是其领域的一个重要分支。本文围绕基于虚拟仪器的机器视觉有关理论和其在玻璃瓶口缺陷检测中... 虚拟仪器是一种新的测试与测控技术，近年来得到了迅速发展，基于虚拟仪器的机器视觉系统就是其领域的一个重要分支。本文围绕基于虚拟仪器的机器视觉有关理论和其在玻璃瓶口缺陷检测中的具体应用进行了研究。针对玻璃瓶这一对象检测的高精度、高准确度、实时性的特点，本文提出了一种基于LabVIEW的数字图像处理检测方案，并在设计过程中解决了一系列关键问题：利用硬件和软件的编程实现了对玻璃瓶口的缺陷监测；使用阈值进行图像的二值化处理，并进行开启、闭合以增强图像质量；使用Vision Builder AI对有故障的图像进行故障特征识别；通过理论研究与实验，证明了本文所提出的玻璃瓶口缺陷监测方法是有效和可行的，为其机器视觉检测的进一步研究和开发奠定了很好的基础请用专业术语，不要用在线翻译。谢谢····好可以多加分展开

英语高手帮忙翻译一下: ThequalitysystemofthecompanyisinconformitywithISO9002.Makingcomprehensiveuseofbiotechnology，thecompanyspecializesinmanufacturingandsellingC-4seriesorganicacidsandchiralpr... The quality system of the company is in conformity with ISO 9002 . Making comprehensive use ofbiotechnology， the company specializes in manufacturing and selling C-4series organic acids and chiral products. These products are widely used in many fields such as food， phamaceutical and chemical industries， and are well accepted by the overseas markets. The man products are L-Malic acid ， DL-Malic acid， L(+)-Tartaric acid ， Fumaric acid， Maleic acid and other organic acids. Annual productivity amounts to 20，000 tones. The company has become an important manufacturer of C-4 series organic acids in the world . All the products of the company have respectively met the different international aadvanced standards such as Food chemicals Codex， U.S. Pharmacopoeia ，British Pharmacopoeia and the products have obtained Star-K Kosher certificate. Above 70% of the Companys products are exported to Japan， Europe， Australias， the United states and middle East ， and they are renown and well recognized in the international markets. The company will devote itself to research and development of enzyme technology and organic electrochemistry. It will continuously introduce new food additives， chiral pharmaceutical intermediates， chiral auxiliaries and chiral drugs. Depending on superior quality， good service and high reputation， the company is willing to establish a long-term mutually beneficial business partnership with overseas customers and continue contribute to the happy life of humans. 展开

50分！高手帮忙翻译一下: LabVIEWisapowerfulandcomplexprogrammingenvironment.LabVIEWisshortforLaboratoryVirtualInstrumentEngineeringWorkbench.Itisapowerfulandflexibleinstrumentationandanalysissoft... LabVIEW is a powerful and complex programming environment. LabVIEW is short for Laboratory Virtual Instrument Engineering Workbench. It is a powerful and flexible instrumentation and analysis software development application created by the folks at National Instruments—a company that creates hardware and software products that leverage computer technology to help engineers and scientists take measurements， control processes， and analyze and storem data. National Instruments was founded over twenty-five years ago in Austin， Texas by James Truchard (known as Dr. T)， Jeffrey Kodosky， and William Nowlin. At the time， all three men were working on sonar applications for the U.S. Navy at the Applied Research Laboratories at The University of Texas at Austin. Searching for a way to connect test equipment to DEC PDP-11 computers， Dr. T decided to develop an interface bus. He recruited Jeff and Bill to join him in his endeavor， and together they successfully developed LabVIEW and the notion of a “virtual instrument.” In the process they managed to infuse their new company—National Instruments—with an entrepreneurial spirit that still pervades the company today. Engineers and scientists in research， development， production， test， and service industries as diverse as automotive， semiconductor， aerospace， electronics， chemical， telecommunications， and pharmaceutical have used and continue touse LabVIEW to support their work. LabVIEW is a major player in the area of testing and measurements， industrial automation， and data analysis. For example， scientists at NASA’s Jet Propulsion Laboratory used LabVIEW to analyze and display Mars Pathfinder Sojourner rover engineering data， including the position and temperature of the rover， how much power remained in the rover’s battery， and generally to monitor Sojourner’s overall health. LabVIEW provides an extensive library of virtual instruments and functions to help you in your programming. It includes conventional program debugging tools with which you can set breakpoints， single-step through the program， and animate the execution so you can observe the flow of data. 毕业设计急用，望高手帮忙翻译一下展开

请高手帮忙翻译一下 3: 2.2.1. Physical and physicochemical characterization The particle size distribution of the Ch-zeolite was determined using a laser diffraction equipment (CILASk 1064) and standard wet sieving (Mesh Tylerk series). Scanning electron mic... 2.2.1. Physical and physicochemical characterization The particle size distribution of the Ch-zeolite was determined using a laser diffraction equipment (CILASk 1064) and standard wet sieving (Mesh Tylerk series). Scanning electron microscopy (SEM-PHILIPSk XL20) was used for photomicrographs as well as to analyse the Ch-zeolite composition (Energy Dispersion X-ray， EDX). The sample was initially placed in a vacuum chamber for coating with a thin layer (few nanometers) of gold (Au). The specific surface area of the material was measured by the methylene blue technique and by nitrogen gas adsorption methods， with the latter also providing information about particle porosity. In the methylene blue adsorption method， aqueous solutions (50 ml) of methylene blue (100 mg l 1) were agitated using an orbital shaker (Marconik) for an hour at room temperature in the presence of different quantities of the Ch-zeolite (0.05–0.3 g). The suspensions were then allowed to settle for 23 h and the resulting supernatants were centrifuged at 5000 rpm before the analysis of the residual methylene blue concentration. Results obtained correspond to averaged values of three different experiments. The specific surface area was evaluated by the Langmuir model， assuming the formation， at high concentrations， of a dye monolayer and 1.08 nm2 molecule 1， for the cross-sectional area (Van den Hul and Lyklema， 1968). The Ch-zeolite specific surface area was evaluated by the nitrogen gas adsorption method， using automated equipment (Autosorb 1-Quantachrome Instrumentsk)， employing multipoint BET isotherm adsorption data fitting. Also from these data， the porosity of the material was evaluated through parameters such as volume of total pores (d < 206 nm)， surface area and volume of micropores (d < 2 nm; Micropore Analysis Method). Zeta potential measurements for the natural and ammonia loaded zeolite， as a function of medium pH， were determined using a Zeta Plusk equipment (Brookhaven Instruments). Suspensions (0.01% v/v) of the Ch-zeolite， previously sieved below 37 Am (400 Mesh Tylerk)， in a 10 3 mol l 1 solution of KNO3 were used and the medium pH was controlled with the addition of HNO3 (pH< 7) and KOH (pH>7)， separately. For the Ch-zeolite saturated with ammonia， suspensions of the material were prepared by the same procedure， except that the sample was loaded with 100 mg NH3–N l 1 of ammonia. 展开

逻辑难题高手帮忙急。。。。。: 有3顶白帽子和2定黑帽子。让甲、乙、丙3人同向列成一队，然后分别给他们各戴上一顶白帽子。丙可以看见甲乙，乙可以看到甲，甲则看不到乙丙。他们3人中，谁可以正确推导出自己头上所戴... 有3顶白帽子和2定黑帽子。让甲、乙、丙3人同向列成一队，然后分别给他们各戴上一顶白帽子。丙可以看见甲乙，乙可以看到甲，甲则看不到乙丙。他们3人中，谁可以正确推导出自己头上所戴的帽子的颜色？答案是甲，我想知道为什么？？？展开

英语高手帮忙翻译段英文谢谢！！: In this paper， the degradation of an azo dye Orange G (OG) on nitrogen-doped TiO2 photocatalysts has been investigated under visible light and sunlight irradiation. Under visible light irradiation， the doped TiO2 nanocatalysts demonstrated ... In this paper， the degradation of an azo dye Orange G (OG) on nitrogen-doped TiO2 photocatalysts has been investigated under visible light and sunlight irradiation. Under visible light irradiation， the doped TiO2 nanocatalysts demonstrated higher activity than the commercial Dugussa P25 TiO2， allowing more efﬁcient utilization of solar light， while under sunlight， P25 showed higher photocatalytic activity. According to the X-ray diffraction (XRD)， X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and UV–vis spectra analyses， it was found that both the nanosized anatase structure and the appearance of new absorption band in the visible region caused by nitrogen doping were responsible for the signiﬁcant enhancement of OG degradation under visible light. In addition， the photosensitized oxidation mechanism originated from OG itself was also considered contributing to the higher visible-light-induced degradation efﬁciency. The effect of the initial pH of the solution and the dosage of hydrogen peroxide under different light sources was also investigated. Under visible light and sunlight， the optimal solution pH was both 2.0， while the optimal dosage of H2O2 was 5.0 and 15.0 mmol/l， respectively. Azodyes， which are characterized by the presence of one or more azo bonds ( N N )， are among the most notorious widespread environmental pollutants associated with textile，cosmetic， food colorants， printing， and pharmaceutical indus-tries. Because of their non-degradability， toxicity， potential mutagenicity and carcinogenicity， wastewaters originating from these dyes production or application industries pose a major threat to the surrounding ecosystems and human beings’ health.[1–3].Environmental concerns and the need of meeting the strin-gent international standards for rejecting wastewaters has made the development of novel and cost-effective processes for the puriﬁcation of azo dyes efﬂuents an issue of major technological importance. 展开

请高手帮忙翻译化学名词，急需~~~~: 以下的技术指标用语都是关于PVC颗粒的，请知道的帮忙准确地翻译~~~谢谢VICATPOINTHARDNESSTENSILESTRENGTHYIELDPOINTELONGATIONATBREAKFLEXURALMODULUSIMPACTSTRENGTHINFLAMMABILITYA... 以下的技术指标用语都是关于PVC颗粒的，请知道的帮忙准确地翻译~~~谢谢 VICAT POINT HARDNESS TENSILE STRENGTH YIELD POINT ELONGATION AT BREAK FLEXURAL MODULUS IMPACT STRENGTH INFLAMMABILITY AV.A.P. IMPURITY PARTICLE NUMBER VOLATILES（INCL WATER） BULK DENSITY SIEVE RATIO “FISH EYE”NUMBER UNIT/400c㎡ RESIDUAL VCM PPM 展开

英文高手帮忙翻译一下压力容器方面: 公司接到一个压力容器图纸是英文版的想知道其中的一些意思，原文如下：一TECHNICALDATA:1.MAXIMUMALLOWABLEPRESSURE7.0BAR2.WORKINGPRESSURE5.5+/-1.0BAR3.TESTPRESSURE10.0BAR4.MAXI... 公司接到一个压力容器图纸是英文版的想知道其中的一些意思，原文如下：一 TECHNICAL DATA: 1.MAXIMUM ALLOWABLE PRESSURE 7.0BAR 2.WORKING PRESSURE 5.5+/-1.0BAR 3.TEST PRESSURE 10.0BAR 4.MAXIMUM ALLOWABLE TEMPERATURE 70℃ 5.MINIMUM ALLOWABLE TEMPERATURE 0℃ 6.FLUID PREFILL（ISO VG46-HLP） 7.CORROSION ALLOWABLE 2mm 8.VOLUME 38.00L 二 TECHNICAL ACCEPTANCE: 1.CHINA DECLARATION OF CONFORMITY 2.CONFORITY ASSESSMENT PROCEDURE REPORTS 3.BILL OF MATERIALS 4.INSPECTION DOCUMENTS AND CERTIFICATES FOR USED MATERIALS 5.WELDING MAP 6.LIST OF WELDERS AND THEIR QUALIFICATION CERTIFICATES 7.NDE EXAMINATION REPORTS 8.VT AND MEASUREMENT REPORTS 9.PAINT: EXTERNAL:BLUE RAL 5015 SEMI-GLOSS FINISH INTERNAL:USE SUNCORITE 528 BY HENKEL METAL CHEMICALS TO TREAT INTERNAL SURFACE OF TANK 10.PAINT REPORT 11.TECHNICAL DOCUMENTATION AND OPERAING MANUAL 三 NOTES: 1.ALL DIMENSIONS ARE IN MILLIMETER UNLESS OTHERWISE NOTED. 2.GASKET CONTACK SURFACE OF ALL FLANGES SHALL BE FINISHED WITH 125-250 AARH. 3.INTERNAL WELD SURFACE OF INSTRUMENT NOZZLE TO BE FULLY FLUSHED. 4.PAINT INSIADE AND OUT PER OILGEAR STANDAR SOP-U-002. 5.TATAL WEIGHT OF UNIT ASSEMBLY IS 32，900LB[14，900kg]. 6.DIMENSIONS IN MM. 展开

请高手高手高高手帮忙翻译下面的设备名称: 请帮忙翻译下：谢谢！斑点酶解系统自动斑点切取系统蛋白纯化系统基因芯片扫描系统二维电泳梯度胶制备系统全自动电泳仪多通道悬液芯片系统体内可见光成像系统如果您翻译的十分准确，我... 请帮忙翻译下：谢谢！斑点酶解系统自动斑点切取系统蛋白纯化系统基因芯片扫描系统二维电泳梯度胶制备系统全自动电泳仪多通道悬液芯片系统体内可见光成像系统如果您翻译的十分准确，我将再加Z高分（好像是100分）。我要英文，谢谢！展开

高分请高手帮忙翻译英文文献资料（4）: Whenliquidisheateditevaporates.Theevaporationprocessisdependentonpressure，temperatureandcompositionoftheliquidandgas.Gascanalsocondense.Inadditionthereisaconvectiveheattr... When liquid is heated it evaporates. The evaporation process is dependent on pressure， temperature and composition of the liquid and gas. Gas can also condense. In addition there is a convective heat transfer between the liquid and gas zone that must be considered. The surfaces in the gas zone also radiates from the shell to the liquid. During the blowdown process mass is usually evacuated from the gas zone， but also liquid might be released. The rate of release is dependent on density and pressure as well as the release area. As pressure and temperature change， the properties of all materials change. This has to be considered in a prediction of a blowdown process. The main purpose of a blowdown process is as earlier stated to maintain integrity of the equipment. The strength properties of the shell are the key factor on that matter. The strength is dependent on the inside pressure as well as the support forces. If the exposing forces produce stress that exceeds the ultimate tensile stress (UTS) in some regions， the integrity of the equipment is no longer maintained. In the design phase of a process plant， these aspects are crucial and must be included as a dimensional factor. For that reason prediction of the blowdown process is essential. Lately some new standards has been introduced to the industry on this matter [3] and [4]. VessFire [1] and [2] is a multi physics system designed for calculation of this kind of problems. It has been applied for some time in the oil and process industry on many projects. The system satisfies the requirements for predictions outlined in [3] and [4]. It includes all aspects described above including integrity of the shell. As part of the verification process some experiments where performed. Some of the experiments are presented here. EXPERIMENTAL STUDY The purpose of the experiments was to investigate the evaporation process and the heat transfer to the liquid and vapour. In a complex system it is important to reduce unknown parameters as far as possible. Exposure from a flame is difficult to control. Flux measurements are point values and not necessarily representative for the average exposure. In order to control the heat exposure it was decided to apply an electric heating system. The system and the verification of the system is described in [5]， [6] and [8]. The furnace was built inside a supporting tube. Figure 2 shows a general arrangement of the experimental outfit. A 0.05 mm stainless steel foil formed as a tube， 300 mm in diameter， generated the heat. The power supply was based on a 3-phase alternating current system giving 48 Volt output as maximum. The top exposure had a limit of 300 kW. The foil had a surface of about 1 m2， giving a heat flux up to 300 kW/m2. The power input could be continuously regulated from zero to maximum load. Each experiment was started from zero and brought up to the required load within a few seconds. After that the surface temperature of the heating foil was kept constant during the exposure period. Experiments with both dry objects as well as water filled object were performed. In this paper only water filled experiments are presented Figure 2 General arrangements drawing of the experimental furnace including the specimen and its support Figure 3 Illustration of the heating unit. The black part is copper conductors for the foil. The grey part is the heating foil exposing the specimen. The foil is equipped with thermo-elements all marked H， except H5 which is the temperature in a copper ring and H6 which is the temperature between the insulation and the supporting tube. 展开

做质谱的高手帮忙翻译一下: 下面是做气相质谱给出的参数，用的机子是：珀金埃尔默（perkinElmer）Clarus500GC/MS。拜托各位帮忙翻译一下，谢谢Inst()ACQUISITIONPARAMETERSOven:Initialtemp35°Cfor2min，ramp10°... 下面是做气相质谱给出的参数，用的机子是：珀金埃尔默（perkin Elmer）Clarus 500 GC/MS。拜托各位帮忙翻译一下，谢谢 Inst() ACQUISITION PARAMETERS Oven: Initial temp 35°C for 2 min， ramp 10°C/min to 150°C， hold 2.50 min， InjAauto=150°C， Volume=0 µL， Split=35:1， Carrier Gas=He， Solvent Delay=0.10 min， Transfer Temp=280°C， Source Temp=260°C， Scan: 5 to 300Da， Column 30.0m x 250µm 展开

有英语高手或者会labview的高手帮忙翻译下: LabVIEW就是基于虚拟仪器的开发环境，本文阐述了基于虚拟仪器技术在阻抗参数测量中的应用，根据电子测量的基本原理、计算方法和流程，利用了LabVIEW的特有语言—G语言—对被测对象进行... LabVIEW就是基于虚拟仪器的开发环境，本文阐述了基于虚拟仪器技术在阻抗参数测量中的应用，根据电子测量的基本原理、计算方法和流程，利用了LabVIEW的特有语言—G语言—对被测对象进行程序编译、运行、修改并Z终显示运行结果有高手帮忙翻译下展开

帮忙翻译: AttachingtheSampleChuckYouwillneeda#2Phillipsscrewdriverforthisstep.FollowingthedetailsshowninFig.2-4，installthesamplechuckbyfirstaligningthepinsonthebottomofthesamplechu... Attaching the Sample Chuck You will need a #2 Phillips screwdriver for this step. Following the details shown in Fig. 2-4， install the sample chuck by first aligning the pins on the bottom of the sample chuck with the receptacles on the alpha- SE base. Then tighten the upper two captive thumb screws. Next， use the Phillips screwdriver to tighten the lower two captive screws. Don’t over tighten the screws! It will make it difficult to remove them in the future; just ensure that the screws are snug. Finally， connect the vacuum line from the sample chuck to the vacuum fitting on the alpha-SE base. Releasing the Z-stage Shipping Lock To access the Z-stage shipping lock， first loosen the captive screw on the lamp/shipping lock access door， then open the access door by rotating 180°， as shown in Fig. 2-5. To release the Z-stage shipping lock， stand in front of the ellipsometer and use your left hand to balance the weight of the Z-stage (you will feel it lift up slightly). It will be difficult to release the shipping lock if you apply too much or not enough upward force. Next， use your right hand to move the shipping lock to the operating position (to the right， see Fig. 2-6). If the lock is hard to move， you can use a tool to gain more leverage. The shipping lock will move about 1/3” [8mm] to the right. Checking the Lamp Check that the QTH lamp in fully seated in the lamp housing. The lamp is located behind the actuator screw (see Fig. 2-6) and has two white wires protruding from the back of the lamp. Simply push down on the lamp ensuring that the lamp is fully seated in the lamp housing. Rotate the lamp/shipping lock access door to the closed position and hand tighten the captive screw. 拒绝翻译软件，翻译软件我自己也会用不是用翻译软件我就看不懂，只是，上来找人翻译就是希望翻译出比较容易看懂，不需要自己对照就可以看的说明书，如果用翻译软件，根本就词不达意，还是要自己对着原文件核实既然用了那么多积分，就希望有相当的成果，如果用翻译软件混积分，那就是人品问题了还有，某些人不要不懂乱说混积分展开

急求翻译请帮忙翻译一下这篇英文资料，急用！！！！: Wells-BrookfieldCone/PlateRapidDeterminationOfAbsoluteViscosityIntroductionTheWells-BrookfieldCone/PlateViscometergivesresearchersasophisticatedinstrumentforroutinelydete... Wells-Brookfield Cone/Plate Rapid Determination Of Absolute Viscosity Introduction The Wells-Brookfield Cone/Plate Viscometer gives researchers a sophisticated instrument for routinely determining absolute viscosity of fluids in small sample volumes. Its cone and plate geometry provides the precision necessary for development of complete rheological data. Principle of Operation The Wells-Brookfield Cone/Plate Viscometer is a precise torque meter which is driven at discrete rotational speeds. The torque measuring system， which consists of a calibrated beryllium-copper spring connecting the drive mechanism to a rotating cone， senses the resistance to rotation caused by the presence of sample fluid between the cone and a stationary flat plate. The resistance to the rotation of the cone produces a torque that is proportional to the shear stress in the fluid. The amount of torque is indicated either on a dial or digital display， depending on model. This reading is easily converted to absolute centipoise units (mPa.s) from pre-calculated range charts. Alternatively， viscosity can be calculated from the known geometric constants of the cone， the rate of rotation， and the stress related torque. See Range Tables The correct relative position of cone and plate is obtained by following a simple mechanical procedure without the need for external gauges or supplementary instrumentation. The stationary plate forms the bottom of a sample cup which can be removed， filled with .5 ml to 2.0 ml of sample fluid (depending on cone in use)， and remounted without disturbing the calibration. The sample cup is jacketed and has tube fittings for connection to a constant temperature circulating bath. The system is accurate to within ?.0% of the working range. Reproducibility is to within ?.2%. Working temperature range is from 0oC to 100oC. 展开

那位高手帮忙翻译下段英文，灰常感谢。: 1.8 Block Diagram Reduction The discussion of Section 1.7 appears to imply that if the transfer function relating input r and output c in block diagram， such as Fig .1.1 is desired， a differential equation relating these two variables must... 1.8 Block Diagram Reduction The discussion of Section 1.7 appears to imply that if the transfer function relating input r and output c in block diagram， such as Fig .1.1 is desired， a differential equation relating these two variables must be obtained first. Fortunately ， this is not necessary. The transfer function can be derived instead by certain algebraic manipulations of those of the subsystems or blocks. Some examples will show this block diagram reduction technique and provide some useful results. Example 1.8.3 The configuration in Fig.1.5(a)，which includes a minor feedback loop， is very common in servomechanisms . Derivation of C/R by the approach of Example 1.8.2 would be laborious ，but become simple if the result in(1.33) is used. It is applied first to reduce the minor feedback loop C/M to a single block ， as shown in Fig.1.5(b). but (1.33) applies again to this new loop and now yields the closed-loop transfer function. Example 1.8.4 In a tow-input system， the additional input D often represents a dis-turbance ， such as a supply pressure variation in the level control example in Section 1.3 . With the additional block L ， the diagram models the effect of the disturbance on the system. For linear systems the principle of superposition applies， and the total output is the sum of the outputs due to each input separately. Thus the out-put due to R is found as before， and while finding that due to D， R is put equal to zero. The rule of Example 1.8.2 applies when finding the response to D， but note that the product of G2. Note also that for R=0 the minus sign for the feedback at R can be moved to the summing junction for D. Inspection now yields. Example 1.8.5 In fig.1.6 the two feedback loops interfere with each other. The rearrangements (a) and (b) are alternative first steps to make the result in (1.33) again applicable . Verify that neither changes the system， and that applying (1.33) twice to (a) or (b) yields the closed-loop transfer function. 1.9 Conclusion In this chapter a general introduction has been given first， including physical discussion of some fundamental features of control system behavior. A level control example led to a common block diagram configuration. Laplace transforms led to the transfer function description of dynamic behavior， and block diagram reduction to the description of an interconnected system of blocks. The application of transfer functions and transforms and transforms to calculation of the response c(t) to an input r(t) and initial conditions has been demonstrated for cases where the roots of the denominator of the transform C(s) are real and distinct. This provides a framework and motivation for study of the next chapter， and a basis for detailed discussion of transient response in Chapter 3. It also allows for an introductory examination of some of the effects of feedback in the problems below. 展开

高手帮忙翻译一工科英文！！高分大谢！: Figure 2 SEM micrographs of worn seat insert surface of engine #6175 after 1474 hours of testing. The arrows and labels indicate the locations of EDX analysis. The same adhesion phenomenon occurs on the valve seat surfaces. Figure 4 show... Figure 2 SEM micrographs of worn seat insert surface of engine #6175 after 1474 hours of testing. The arrows and labels indicate the locations of EDX analysis. The same adhesion phenomenon occurs on the valve seat surfaces. Figure 4 shows SEM micrographs of the worn exhaust valve seat surface of engine #6175 after 1474 hours of testing. The valve material is Stellite 6 faced 23-8N (solution treated and aged). The arrows in Figure 4b indicate the locations of EDX analysis. Note the pits and deposits on the worn seat surface. Figures 5a shows the EDX spectrum of spot A on Figure 4b showing adhered insert material. Note molybdenum and manganese in the spectrum. Figure 5b shows the EDX spectrum of spot B in Figure 4b showing both adhered insert material and oil deposits. Note molybdenum.， phosphorous， chlorine， calcium， and zinc in the spectrum. Other valves from different engines labeled as "adhesion" in Table 2 share this typical adhesive phenomenon. The adhesive wear mode appears to predominate at valve seat interfaces with high asperity contact stresses or high combustion pressure. The surface roughness can contribute to adhesion significantly. Valves faced with Stellite alloy show less adhesive wear than unfaced valves， Table 2. The presence of high melting point phases， such as carbide or ceramic compounds in the contacting materials is believed to help prevent microwelding or adhesion related wear. Shear strain， also known as radial flow， is defined as the first derivative of the displacement， i.e.， . Figure 6 [8]. Shear strain controlled wear can characterized as a surface plastic deformation process. The wear is the result of the shear strain on the seat surface exceeding the plasticity limit of the material. The material is then detached or delaminated from the seating surface as wear particles. The typical appearance of shear strain controlled wear are ridges and/or radial flow of material on valve seats and inserts. Shear strain controlled wear sometimes is associated with adhesion. 展开

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