请英语高手帮我翻译下面盐雾测试报告里面部分内容

心情物语丶 2007-09-05 04:44:20 425 浏览

1 外观评级，试样表面外观的变化. 2 腐蚀率评定等级的判定等级的判定腐蚀率. 3 无变化. 4 轻微到中度的变色. 5 严重变色到极微的失光. 6 轻微的失光或出现极轻微的腐蚀产物. 7 严重失光或在试样局部表面上部有薄层的腐蚀产物或点蚀. 8 有腐蚀物或点蚀且... 1 外观评级，试样表面外观的变化. 2 腐蚀率评定等级的判定等级的判定腐蚀率. 3 无变化. 4 轻微到中度的变色. 5 严重变色到极微的失光. 6 轻微的失光或出现极轻微的腐蚀产物. 7 严重失光或在试样局部表面上部有薄层的腐蚀产物或点蚀. 8 有腐蚀物或点蚀且其中之一集中分布在整个试样表面上. 9 整个表面上布有厚的腐蚀产物，并有深的点蚀. 10 整个表面布有非常厚的腐蚀物和点蚀，并有深的点蚀. 11 出现基体金属腐蚀. 展开

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福克斯40 2007-09-06 00:00:00

1 External appearance rating， try the kind surface variety of[with] external appearance. 2 The corrosion rate assesses grade to judge grading to judge a corrosion rate. 3 Have no variety. 4 Slightly arrive medium the degree change countenance. 5 Change countenance off-chance to lose light seriously. 6 Lose light or appear a very slight corrosion outcome slightly. 7 Lose light seriously or Be trying the corrosion outcome that the kind partial surface upper part has a thin layer or ordering eclipse. 8Have a corrosion thing or order eclipse and one of them concentration to distribute at whole try kind superficially. 9 The whole superficial cloth contain thick corrosion outcome， also order eclipse deeply. 10 The whole surface cloth has a very thick corrosion thing and orders eclipse， also order eclipse deeply.

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请英语高手帮我翻译下面盐雾测试报告里面部分内容: 1 外观评级，试样表面外观的变化. 2 腐蚀率评定等级的判定等级的判定腐蚀率. 3 无变化. 4 轻微到中度的变色. 5 严重变色到极微的失光. 6 轻微的失光或出现极轻微的腐蚀产物. 7 严重失光或在试样局部表面上部有薄层的腐蚀产物或点蚀. 8 有腐蚀物或点蚀且... 1 外观评级，试样表面外观的变化. 2 腐蚀率评定等级的判定等级的判定腐蚀率. 3 无变化. 4 轻微到中度的变色. 5 严重变色到极微的失光. 6 轻微的失光或出现极轻微的腐蚀产物. 7 严重失光或在试样局部表面上部有薄层的腐蚀产物或点蚀. 8 有腐蚀物或点蚀且其中之一集中分布在整个试样表面上. 9 整个表面上布有厚的腐蚀产物，并有深的点蚀. 10 整个表面布有非常厚的腐蚀物和点蚀，并有深的点蚀. 11 出现基体金属腐蚀. 展开

请高手帮我翻译一下这一段。。。: Carbonnanomaterialsarenovelmanufacturedmaterials，havingwidespreadpotentialapplications.Adsorptionofhydrophobicorganiccompounds(HOCs)bycarbonnanomaterialsmayenhancetheirto... Carbon nanomaterials are novel manufactured materials， having widespread potential applications. Adsorption of hydrophobic organic compounds (HOCs) by carbon nanomaterials may enhance their toxicity and affect the fate， transformation， and transport of HOCs in the environment. In this research， adsorption of naphthalene， phenanthrene， and pyrene onto six carbon nanomaterials， including fullerenes， single-walled carbon nanotubes ， and multiwalled carbon nanotubes was investigated， which is the first systematic study on polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) sorption by various carbon nanomaterials. All adsorption isotherms were nonlinear and were fitted well by the Polanyi-Manes model (PMM). Through both isotherm modeling and constructing “characteristic curve”， Polanyi theory was useful to describe the adsorption process of PAHs by the carbon nanomaterials. The three fitted parameters (Q0， a， and b) of PMM depended on both PAH properties and the nature of carbon nanomaterials. For different PAHs， adsorption seems to relate with their molecular size， i.e.， the larger the molecular size， the lower the adsorbed volume capacity (Q0)， but higher a and b values. For different carbon nanomaterials， adsorption seems to relate with their surface area， micropore volume， and the volume ratios of mesopore to micropore. Quantitative relationships between these sorbent properties and the estimated parameters of PMM were obtained. These relationships may represent a first fundamental step toward establishing empirical equations for quantitative prediction of PAH adsorption by carbon nanomaterials and possibly other forms of carbonaceous (geo-) sorbents， and for evaluating their environmental impact. In addition， high adsorption capacity of PAHs by carbon nanotubes may add to their high environmental risks once released to the environment， and result in potential alteration of PAHs fate and bioavailability in the environment. 展开

哪位英语高手帮我翻译几个地名？: 以下几个地名和句子：（是可书面应用的，不要口语，如是口语请注明） 1. 潘家园旧货市场 2. 长安大戏院 3. 西单图书大厦 4. 京广ZX 5. 什刹海 6. 秀水 7. 建国门地铁站 8. 百年奥运，梦想成真。

翻译翻译，请高手帮我翻译一下这个说明: Followthesysteminstallationinstructionscarefullyandinthespecifiedorder.ThesoftwaremustbeinstalledonthecomputerbeforeconnectingtheUSBcable.2.1FacilitiesRequirementsFacilit... Follow the system installation instructions carefully and in the specified order. The software must be installed on the computer before connecting the USB cable. 2.1 Facilities Requirements Facilities requirements for the alpha-SE system are listed in Table 2-1 and the system dimensions are given in Fig. 2-1. As shown in Fig. 2-2， the alpha-SE tool requires a clear work area of 20 by 18 inches (500 by 460 mm)， excluding the operator computer. 2.2 Unpacking the Hardware Opening the Shipping Container Move the alpha-SE shipping container to the area where the tool will be installed. Open the container and remove the top and side pieces of packing foam. Carefully remove all smaller components from the shipping container， verifying that you received all components， as shown in Fig. 2-3. Finally， remove the alpha-SE ellipsometer and position it on your clear 20” by 18” (510 by 460 mm) workspace. Caution: The alpha-SE ellipsometer without sample chuck weighs approximately 37 lbs. (16 kg.). Please find an assistant to lift the alpha-SE unit out of the shipping carton and on to clear work surface. 展开

谁可以帮我翻译下这段话成英语，急用，求英语高手: 本文简述了国内外有关大气生物气溶胶的研究现状及其展望。主要围绕生物气溶胶的研究意义，生物气溶胶的研究历史，生物气溶胶的种类及来源，生物气溶胶的浓度及粒径分布特征，生物气溶胶采样技术与检测，以及对生物气溶胶未来发展的展望等六个方面进行了阐述。... 本文简述了国内外有关大气生物气溶胶的研究现状及其展望。主要围绕生物气溶胶的研究意义，生物气溶胶的研究历史，生物气溶胶的种类及来源，生物气溶胶的浓度及粒径分布特征，生物气溶胶采样技术与检测，以及对生物气溶胶未来发展的展望等六个方面进行了阐述。ZD介绍生物气溶胶的分布特征。展开

英语请人工翻译，: DARPA has been at the forefront of the aggressive FCS initiative. We are conducting demonstrations of advanced prototypes， including unmanned ground reconnaissance and attack platforms; low-cost tactical precision munitions; small UAVs t... DARPA has been at the forefront of the aggressive FCS initiative. We are conducting demonstrations of advanced prototypes， including unmanned ground reconnaissance and attack platforms; low-cost tactical precision munitions; small UAVs that support operations in urban and mountainous environments; and sensors that can detect vehicles camouflaged under dense foliage. A Defense Acquisition Board scheduled for May could allow FCS to enter System Development and Demonstration under Army management this year. This will enable the Army to field an FCS Unit for operational testing in FY 2008， with the first Unit of Action ready for operational deployment by 2010. DARPA is also conducting three unmanned air combatant programs: the Unmanned Combat Air Vehicle (UCAV) with the Air Force， UCAV-N with the Page 5 of 14 Navy， and the Unmanned Combat Armed Rotorcraft program with the Army. These aircraft will be teamed with manned systems on the ground and in the air to transform how the Air Force suppresses enemy air defenses， how the Navy suppresses enemy air defenses and conducts extended surveillance， and how the Army conducts armed reconnaissance and attack. 展开

英语高手帮忙翻译一下: ThequalitysystemofthecompanyisinconformitywithISO9002.Makingcomprehensiveuseofbiotechnology，thecompanyspecializesinmanufacturingandsellingC-4seriesorganicacidsandchiralpr... The quality system of the company is in conformity with ISO 9002 . Making comprehensive use ofbiotechnology， the company specializes in manufacturing and selling C-4series organic acids and chiral products. These products are widely used in many fields such as food， phamaceutical and chemical industries， and are well accepted by the overseas markets. The man products are L-Malic acid ， DL-Malic acid， L(+)-Tartaric acid ， Fumaric acid， Maleic acid and other organic acids. Annual productivity amounts to 20，000 tones. The company has become an important manufacturer of C-4 series organic acids in the world . All the products of the company have respectively met the different international aadvanced standards such as Food chemicals Codex， U.S. Pharmacopoeia ，British Pharmacopoeia and the products have obtained Star-K Kosher certificate. Above 70% of the Companys products are exported to Japan， Europe， Australias， the United states and middle East ， and they are renown and well recognized in the international markets. The company will devote itself to research and development of enzyme technology and organic electrochemistry. It will continuously introduce new food additives， chiral pharmaceutical intermediates， chiral auxiliaries and chiral drugs. Depending on superior quality， good service and high reputation， the company is willing to establish a long-term mutually beneficial business partnership with overseas customers and continue contribute to the happy life of humans. 展开

哪位英语高手帮帮忙，翻译英语文章！谢谢1: 英语高手，谢谢了！ThecatalystsupportwasimpregnatedwithacetonesolutionofRuCl3.nH2Ouptorutheniumcontentof4w%，understirringfor6h.Afterconcentrationinarotaryevaporator，theobt... 英语高手，谢谢了！ The catalyst support was impregnated with acetone solution of RuCl3.nH2O up to ruthenium content of 4 w%， under stirring for 6 h. After concentration in a rotary evaporator， the obtained material was dried in air at 383 K overnight and subjected to preliminary reduction with a 1N2/3H2 stream at 698 K， and then cooled in 1N2/3H2 atmosphere. The potassium promoter was introduced by incipient wet impregnation with KNO3 solution at room temperature with molar ratio of K+ /Ru = 5/1. After stirring for 6 h and infusing for 24 h， the samples were dried in a rotary evaporator at 343K and then dried in the air at 383K for 12 h. The ammonia synthesis activities of the catalysts with about 35-60 meshes were evaluated by 1N2/3H2 flow of 2100 mL/h at 0.2 MPa from 623 K to 773 K. The amount of effluent ammonia was determined by titration method. As we can see from the Table 1， under the same reaction conditions， the catalyst K-Ru/Mg(Al)O exhibited the highest activity， 38.42 mL NH3•h-1•g-1 at 673K， 3 times more active than K-Ru/MgO， 12.88 mL NH3•h-1•g-1 at 748K. This means that selection of supports takes great effects on the activity of catalysts. The ammonia synthesis activity of different supports are K-Ru/Mg(Al)O > K-Ru/Mg-Al-Ca(1) > K-Ru/Mg-Al-Ca(2) > K-Ru/Al2O3 > K-Ru/CaO > K-Ru/MgO. The combinatorial supports showed higher activity than single supports. However， the sequence of temperature corresponding to the highest activity is just opposite to that of the activity. The optimal temperature for K-Ru/Mg(Al)O， 673K， is the lowest of all， on the contrary， that of K-Ru/MgO is the highest， 748K. The Mg(Al)O has a larger surface area of 140.95 m2•g-1 ， similar to γ-Al2O3， 110-180 m2•g-1 . The other two combinational supports have little surface areas but higher activities than Al2O3. It suggested that the activity of the catalyst is influenced not only by the dispersion of Ru crystals but also by the crystal structure of the supports. Table 1 Ammonia synthesis activities and BET surface areas Catalyst Optimal activity Highest activity Surface area of support temperature(K) (NH3/mL•h-1•g-1) (m2•g-1) K-Ru/MgO 748 12.88 K-Ru/Al2O3 698 23.79 K-Ru/CaO 723 23.22 K-Ru/Mg(Al)O 673 38.42 140.95 K-Ru/Mg-Al-Ca(1) 698 30.75 29.10 K-Ru/Mg-Al-Ca(2) 698 26.12 14.69 Acknowledgments This work was supported by the NNSF of China (20273053， 20023001 and 29933040)， the 973 Programming (001CB108906) and the NSF of Fujian province (E0310001). References 1. C. J. H. Jacobsen， S. Dahl， P. L. Hansen et al.， J. Mol. Catal. A， 2000， 163， 19. 2. F. Cavani， F. Trifiro， A. Vaccari， Catal. Today， 1991， 11， 173. 展开

英语高手帮忙翻译段英文谢谢！！: In this paper， the degradation of an azo dye Orange G (OG) on nitrogen-doped TiO2 photocatalysts has been investigated under visible light and sunlight irradiation. Under visible light irradiation， the doped TiO2 nanocatalysts demonstrated ... In this paper， the degradation of an azo dye Orange G (OG) on nitrogen-doped TiO2 photocatalysts has been investigated under visible light and sunlight irradiation. Under visible light irradiation， the doped TiO2 nanocatalysts demonstrated higher activity than the commercial Dugussa P25 TiO2， allowing more efﬁcient utilization of solar light， while under sunlight， P25 showed higher photocatalytic activity. According to the X-ray diffraction (XRD)， X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and UV–vis spectra analyses， it was found that both the nanosized anatase structure and the appearance of new absorption band in the visible region caused by nitrogen doping were responsible for the signiﬁcant enhancement of OG degradation under visible light. In addition， the photosensitized oxidation mechanism originated from OG itself was also considered contributing to the higher visible-light-induced degradation efﬁciency. The effect of the initial pH of the solution and the dosage of hydrogen peroxide under different light sources was also investigated. Under visible light and sunlight， the optimal solution pH was both 2.0， while the optimal dosage of H2O2 was 5.0 and 15.0 mmol/l， respectively. Azodyes， which are characterized by the presence of one or more azo bonds ( N N )， are among the most notorious widespread environmental pollutants associated with textile，cosmetic， food colorants， printing， and pharmaceutical indus-tries. Because of their non-degradability， toxicity， potential mutagenicity and carcinogenicity， wastewaters originating from these dyes production or application industries pose a major threat to the surrounding ecosystems and human beings’ health.[1–3].Environmental concerns and the need of meeting the strin-gent international standards for rejecting wastewaters has made the development of novel and cost-effective processes for the puriﬁcation of azo dyes efﬂuents an issue of major technological importance. 展开

LABVIEW 虚拟仪器高手帮我翻译下好吗?: 4.VIRTUALINSTRUMENTAfoundationofthecontrolsystemdesignistheconceptofvirtualinstruments.Intraditionalobservatorysystemdesign，instrumentsaretypicallyconsideredentitieswhose... 4. VIRTUAL INSTRUMENT A foundation of the control system design is the concept of virtual instruments. In traditional observatory system design， instruments are typically considered entities whose design and components are fixed well in advance of actual use of the instrument. The approach works quite well when the role of the instrument is well understood with respect to the experiments it is to be used for. It also fits well with a system design where the instruments must be mounted on the telescope (e.g. mounting at the Cassegrain focus)， or exposed to the external environment - since the instrument is static， it can be more easily enclosed. However， this approach has some drawbacks in a laboratory style environment such as that provided by the ATST multiple-bench coude lab. In particular， providing the flexibility to explore new experiments results in a significant effort to adapt existing instruments to meet the requirements of the new experiment. The Virtual Instrument Model has been developed to address this issue， by abstracting the concept of an instrument from the specifics of the components used within that instrument. This allows the configuration of an instrument to be quickly adapted to meet the changes required by different experiments or changes to the laboratory environment. It should be noted that the virtual instrument is not a revolutionary concept but rather is the formalization of ideas often used in laboratory style experimentation. In the virtual instrument model， it is the experiment that drives the virtual instrument's 'design'. 4.1. EXPERIMENTS AND INSTRUMENTS Experiments are the heart of ATST operations and the control system is designed with this in mind. A laboratory style environment provides flexible support to carry out Experiments that are likely not understood or defined at the time the laboratory itself is designed. An Experiment undertaken at the ATST requires a Virtual Instrument. 不要机器翻译的要人工的谢谢大家展开

请高手帮忙翻译一下 3: 2.2.1. Physical and physicochemical characterization The particle size distribution of the Ch-zeolite was determined using a laser diffraction equipment (CILASk 1064) and standard wet sieving (Mesh Tylerk series). Scanning electron mic... 2.2.1. Physical and physicochemical characterization The particle size distribution of the Ch-zeolite was determined using a laser diffraction equipment (CILASk 1064) and standard wet sieving (Mesh Tylerk series). Scanning electron microscopy (SEM-PHILIPSk XL20) was used for photomicrographs as well as to analyse the Ch-zeolite composition (Energy Dispersion X-ray， EDX). The sample was initially placed in a vacuum chamber for coating with a thin layer (few nanometers) of gold (Au). The specific surface area of the material was measured by the methylene blue technique and by nitrogen gas adsorption methods， with the latter also providing information about particle porosity. In the methylene blue adsorption method， aqueous solutions (50 ml) of methylene blue (100 mg l 1) were agitated using an orbital shaker (Marconik) for an hour at room temperature in the presence of different quantities of the Ch-zeolite (0.05–0.3 g). The suspensions were then allowed to settle for 23 h and the resulting supernatants were centrifuged at 5000 rpm before the analysis of the residual methylene blue concentration. Results obtained correspond to averaged values of three different experiments. The specific surface area was evaluated by the Langmuir model， assuming the formation， at high concentrations， of a dye monolayer and 1.08 nm2 molecule 1， for the cross-sectional area (Van den Hul and Lyklema， 1968). The Ch-zeolite specific surface area was evaluated by the nitrogen gas adsorption method， using automated equipment (Autosorb 1-Quantachrome Instrumentsk)， employing multipoint BET isotherm adsorption data fitting. Also from these data， the porosity of the material was evaluated through parameters such as volume of total pores (d < 206 nm)， surface area and volume of micropores (d < 2 nm; Micropore Analysis Method). Zeta potential measurements for the natural and ammonia loaded zeolite， as a function of medium pH， were determined using a Zeta Plusk equipment (Brookhaven Instruments). Suspensions (0.01% v/v) of the Ch-zeolite， previously sieved below 37 Am (400 Mesh Tylerk)， in a 10 3 mol l 1 solution of KNO3 were used and the medium pH was controlled with the addition of HNO3 (pH< 7) and KOH (pH>7)， separately. For the Ch-zeolite saturated with ammonia， suspensions of the material were prepared by the same procedure， except that the sample was loaded with 100 mg NH3–N l 1 of ammonia. 展开

请帮我看看血细胞分析报告: 这几天皮肤反复过敏，会出现一些红色的小包.身体发热，而且痒.打了几天的针，可只是治标不治本.血液化验后，分析报告上说:中性粒细胞百分比76.2%偏高平均红细胞血红蛋白浓度277偏低平均细... 这几天皮肤反复过敏，会出现一些红色的小包.身体发热，而且痒.打了几天的针，可只是治标不治本.血液化验后，分析报告上说: 中性粒细胞百分比 76.2% 偏高平均红细胞血红蛋白浓度 277 偏低平均细胞体积 108.4 偏高平均血小板体积 10.6 偏高请哪位仁兄帮忙看看，到底是什么问题，应该怎么办?? 展开

哪位高手能帮我翻译一下谢谢了: 3.3. Microbial mapping The intensity of resonance Raman spectra of Cyt c allows for integration times below one second. Microbial mapping of an area of 50×50 μm2 with a resolution of 500 nm/pixel (10，000 single spectra) can be perform... 3.3. Microbial mapping The intensity of resonance Raman spectra of Cyt c allows for integration times below one second. Microbial mapping of an area of 50×50 μm2 with a resolution of 500 nm/pixel (10，000 single spectra) can be performed in less than 3 h. A further reduction of the measuring duration by a factor of 10 can be achieved by utilisation of an EMCCD camera (Coates et al.， 2004). Microbial mapping was done on granules from two different sequencing batch reactors (SBR) (Gaul et al.， 2006). The SBRs are used to analyse control parameters for the anaerobic ammonium oxidation. Fig. 7 shows two different microbial colonies in the same granulum. A graphical analysis of the spectroscopic data at 750 cm-1 (dominant resonant Raman band of Cyt c) and 2900 cm-1 (CH stretching mode) differentiated the two colonies. One colony shows stronger Raman signals at 750 cm-1 (blue frame). Whereas the other microorganisms have more amount of methyl or methylene groups (yellow frame). After the graphical analysis above， an average spectrum was constructed for each colony. The resulting averaged spectra were transferred to our Raman database of wastewater bacteria created by OPUS. The software recognized the microorganisms Fig. 5. Time series of N. eutropha Nm 57 which is captured by optical tweezers. Time difference between spectra: 1 s; Laser power: 9 mW. The bleaching effect due to photo-dissociation caused by laser radiation is easy to see. Fig. 6. The spectral heterogeneity of hierarchical clusteringis strongly dependent to the integration time. Bacteria from the same strain are only groupedtogether if the exposure time was the same. 246 R. P?tzold et al. / Journal of Microbiological Methods 72 (2008) 241–248 in the left colony as anammox bacteria， those in the upper right corner as Nitrosomonas. 展开

有英语高手或者会labview的高手帮忙翻译下: LabVIEW就是基于虚拟仪器的开发环境，本文阐述了基于虚拟仪器技术在阻抗参数测量中的应用，根据电子测量的基本原理、计算方法和流程，利用了LabVIEW的特有语言—G语言—对被测对象进行... LabVIEW就是基于虚拟仪器的开发环境，本文阐述了基于虚拟仪器技术在阻抗参数测量中的应用，根据电子测量的基本原理、计算方法和流程，利用了LabVIEW的特有语言—G语言—对被测对象进行程序编译、运行、修改并Z终显示运行结果有高手帮忙翻译下展开

请高手帮忙翻译化学名词，急需~~~~: 以下的技术指标用语都是关于PVC颗粒的，请知道的帮忙准确地翻译~~~谢谢VICATPOINTHARDNESSTENSILESTRENGTHYIELDPOINTELONGATIONATBREAKFLEXURALMODULUSIMPACTSTRENGTHINFLAMMABILITYA... 以下的技术指标用语都是关于PVC颗粒的，请知道的帮忙准确地翻译~~~谢谢 VICAT POINT HARDNESS TENSILE STRENGTH YIELD POINT ELONGATION AT BREAK FLEXURAL MODULUS IMPACT STRENGTH INFLAMMABILITY AV.A.P. IMPURITY PARTICLE NUMBER VOLATILES（INCL WATER） BULK DENSITY SIEVE RATIO “FISH EYE”NUMBER UNIT/400c㎡ RESIDUAL VCM PPM 展开

请高手高手高高手帮忙翻译下面的设备名称: 请帮忙翻译下：谢谢！斑点酶解系统自动斑点切取系统蛋白纯化系统基因芯片扫描系统二维电泳梯度胶制备系统全自动电泳仪多通道悬液芯片系统体内可见光成像系统如果您翻译的十分准确，我... 请帮忙翻译下：谢谢！斑点酶解系统自动斑点切取系统蛋白纯化系统基因芯片扫描系统二维电泳梯度胶制备系统全自动电泳仪多通道悬液芯片系统体内可见光成像系统如果您翻译的十分准确，我将再加Z高分（好像是100分）。我要英文，谢谢！展开

请问各位英语高手，对开多叶调节阀英语怎么翻译啊?:

请翻译一段简单的英语（务必准确）: 用翻仪器的走远！Thetissueishomogenizedwithchloroform/methanol(2/1)toafinalvolume20timesthevolumeofthetissuesample(1gin20mlofsolventmixture).Afterdispersion，thewholemixtur... 用翻仪器的走远！ The tissue is homogenized with chloroform/methanol (2/1) to a final volume 20 times the volume of the tissue sample (1 g in 20 ml of solvent mixture). After dispersion， the whole mixture is agitated during 15-20 min in an orbital shaker at room temperature. The homogenate is either filtrated (funnel with a folded filter paper) or centrifuged to recover the liquid phase. The solvent is washed with 0.2 volume (4 ml for 20 ml) of water or better 0.9% NaCl solution. After vortexing some seconds， the mixture is centrifuged at low speed (2000 rpm) to separate the two phases. Remove the upper phase by siphoning and kept it to analyze gangliosides or small organic polar molecules. If necessary (need of removing labelled molecules...)， rinse the interface one or two times with methanol/water (1/1) without mixing the whole preparation. After centrifugation and siphoning of the upper phase， the lower chloroform phase containing lipids is evaporated under vacuum in a rotary evaporator or under a nitrogen stream if the volume is under 2-3 ml. 展开

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