Aggregation Kinetics of Citrate and Polyvinylpyrroli

Aggregation Kinetics of Citrate and Polyvinylpyrroli

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2024-09-27 23:57 230阅读次数

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Aggregation Kinetics of Citrate and Polyvinylpyrroli

Aggregation Kinetics of Citrate and Polyvinylpyrroli[详细]
2024-09-27 23:57
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Aggregation Kinetics of Citrate and Polyvinylpyrrolidone Coated Silver Na in Monovalent and Divalent

Theaggregationkineticsofsilvernanoparticles(AgNPs)thatwerecoatedwithtwocommonlyuseagentscitrateandpolyvinylpyrrolidone(PVP)wereinvestigated.Time-resolveddynamiclight(DLS)wasemployedtomeasuretheaggregationkineticsoftheAgNPsoverarangeofmonovalenelectrolyteconcentrations.Theaggregationbehaviorofcitrate-coatedAgNPsinNaClwasinexcelwiththepredictionsbasedonDerjaguinLandauVerweyOverbeek(DLVO)theory,andtheHamofcitrate-coatedAgNPsinaqueoussolutionswasderivedtobe3.7×10J.Divalentelectrolytesefficientindestabilizingthecitrate-coatedAgNPs,asindicatedbytheconsiderablylowercriticalcconcentrations(2.1mMCaCland2.7mMMgClvs.47.6mMNaCl).ThePVP-coatedAgNPswsignificantlymorestablethancitrate-coatedAgNPsinbothNaClandCaCl,whichislikelyduetorepulsionimpartedbythelarge,non-chargedpolymers.Theadditionofhumicacidresultedinthethemacromoleculesonbothcitrate-andPVP-coatedAgNPs.TheadsorptionofhumicacidinduceelectrostericrepulsionthatelevatedthestabilityofbothnanoparticlesinsuspensionscontainingNaconcentrationsofCaCl.Conversely,enhancedaggregationoccurredforbothnanoparticlesathighconcentrationsduetointerparticlebridgingbyhumicacidclusters.[详细]
2018-08-31 10:11
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Aggregation Kinetics of Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes in Aquatic Systems: Measurements and Environmen

作者：NAVIDB.SALEH,LISAD.PFEFFERLE,ANDMENACHEMELIMELECH　　（DepartmentofChemicalEngineering,YaleUniversity,NewHaven,Connecticut06520-8286）　　摘要：Theinitialaggregationkineticsofmultiwalledcarbonnanotubes（MWNTs）wereexaminedthroughtime-resolveddynamiclightscattering.AggregationofMWNTswasevaluatedbyvaryingsolutionpHandtheconcentrationofmonovalent（NaCl）anddivalent（CaCl2andMgCl2）salts.SuwanneeRiverhumicacid（SRHA）wasusedtostudytheeffectofbackgroundnaturalorganicmatteronMWNTaggregationkinetics.IncreasingsaltconcentrationandadditionofdivalentcalciumandmagnesiumionsinducedMWNTaggregationbysuppressingelectrostaticrepulsion,similartoobservationswithaquaticcolloidalparticles.Thecriticalcoagulationconcentration（CCC）valuesforMWNTswereestimatedas25mMNaCl,2.6mMCaCl2,and1.5mMMgCl2.AnincreaseinsolutionpHfromacidic（pH3）tobasic（pH11）conditionsresultedinasubstantial（over2ordersofmagnitude）decreaseinMWNTaggregationkinetics,suggestingthepresenceofionizablefunctionalgroupsontheMWNTcarbonscaffold.ThepresenceofhumicacidinsolutionmarkedlyenhancedthecolloidalstabilityofMWNTs,reducingtheaggregationratebynearly2ordersofmagnitude.TheenhancedMWNTstabilityinthepresenceofhumicacidisattributabletostericrepulsionimpartedbyadsorbedhumicacidmacromolecules.OurresultssuggestthatMWNTsarerelativelystableatsolutionpHandelectrolyteconditionstypicalofaquaticenvironments.[详细]
2018-08-31 10:11
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人枸橼酸（Citrate）酶联免疫分析试剂盒说明书

人枸橼酸（Citrate）酶联免疫分析试剂盒说明书本试剂盒仅供研究使用。实验原理本试剂盒应用双抗体夹心法测定标本中人枸橼酸（Citrate）水平。用纯化的人枸橼酸（Citrate）抗体包被微孔板，制成固相抗体，往包被单抗的微孔中依次加入枸橼酸（Citrate），再与HRP标记的枸橼酸（Citrate）抗体结合，形成抗体-抗原-酶标抗体复合物，经过彻底洗涤后加底物TMB显色。TMB在HRP酶的催化下转化成蓝色，并在酸的作用下转化成Z终的黄色。颜色的深浅和样品中的枸橼酸（Citrate）呈正相关。用酶标仪在450nm波长下定吸光度（OD值），通过标准曲线计算样品中人枸橼酸（Citrate）浓度。人枸橼酸（Citrate）酶联免疫分析试剂盒组成130倍浓缩洗涤液20ml×1瓶7终止液6ml×1瓶2酶标试剂6ml×1瓶8标准品（320pg/ml）0.5ml×1瓶3酶标包被板12孔×8条9标准品稀释液1.5ml×1瓶4样品稀释液6ml×1瓶10说明书1份5显色剂A液6ml×1瓶11封板膜2张6显色剂B液6ml×1/瓶12密封袋1个标本要求1．标本采集后尽早进行提取，提取按相关文献进行，提取后应尽快进行实验。若不能马上进行试验，可将标本放于-20℃保存，但应避免反复冻融2．不能检测含NaN3的样品，因NaN3YZ辣根过氧化物酶的（HRP）活性。人枸橼酸（Citrate）酶联免疫分析试剂盒操作步骤1.标准品的稀释：本试剂盒提供原倍标准品一支，用户可按照下列图表在小试管中进行稀释。160pg/ml5号标准品150l的原倍标准品加入150l标准品稀释液80pg/ml4号标准品150l的5号标准品加入150l标准品稀释液40pg/ml3号标准品150l的4号标准品加入150l标准品稀释液20pg/ml2号标准品150l的3号标准品加入150l标准品稀释液10pg/ml1号标准品150l的2号标准品加入150l标准品稀释液2.加样：分别设空白孔（空白对照孔不加样品及酶标试剂，其余各步操作相同）、标准孔、待测样品孔。在酶标包被板上标准品准确加样50l，待测样品孔中先加样品稀释液40l，然后再加待测样品10l（样品Z终稀释度为5倍）。加样将样品加于酶标板孔底部，尽量不触及孔壁，轻轻晃动混匀。3.温育：用封板膜封板后置37℃温育30分钟。4.配液：将30倍浓缩洗涤液用蒸馏水30倍稀释后备用5.洗涤：小心揭掉封板膜，弃去液体，甩干，每孔加满洗涤液，静置30秒后弃去，如此重复5次，拍干。6.加酶：每孔加入酶标试剂50l，空白孔除外。7.温育：操作同3。8.洗涤：操作同5。9.显色：每孔先加入显色剂A50l，再加入显色剂B50l，轻轻震荡混匀，37℃避光显色15分钟.10.终止：每孔加终止液50l，终止反应（此时蓝色立转黄色）。11.测定：以空白空调零，450nm波长依序测量各孔的吸光度（OD值）。测定应在加终止液后15分钟以内进行。计算以标准物的浓度为横坐标，OD值为纵坐标，在坐标纸上绘出标准曲线，根据样品的OD值由标准曲线查出相应的浓度；再乘以稀释倍数；或用标准物的浓度与OD值计算出标准曲线的直线回归方程式，将样品的OD值代入方程式，计算出样品浓度，再乘以稀释倍数，即为样品的实际浓度。人枸橼酸（Citrate）酶联免疫分析试剂盒注意事项1．试剂盒从冷藏环境中取出应在室温平衡15-30分钟后方可使用，酶标包被板开封后如未用完，板条应装入密封袋中保存。2．浓洗涤液可能会有结晶析出，稀释时可在水浴中加温助溶，洗涤时不影响结果。3．各步加样均应使用加样器，并经常校对其准确性，以避免试验误差。一次加样时间**控制在5分钟内，如标本数量多，推荐使用排枪加样。4．请每次测定的同时做标准曲线，**做复孔。如标本中待测物质含量过高（样本OD值大于标准品孔**孔的OD值），请先用样品稀释液稀释一定倍数（n倍）后再测定，计算时请Z后乘以总稀释倍数（×n×5）。5．封板膜只限一次性使用，以避免交叉污染。6．底物请避光保存。7．严格按照人枸橼酸（Citrate）酶联免疫分析试剂盒说明书的操作进行，试验结果判定必须以酶标仪读数为准.8．所有样品，洗涤液和各种废弃物都应按传染物处理。9．本试剂不同批号组分不得混用。保存条件及有效期1．试剂盒保存：2-8℃。2．有效期：6个月[详细]
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Effect of temperature on lithium-ion intercalation kinetics of LiMn1.5Ni0.5O4-positive-electrode mat

LiMn1.5Ni0.5O4issynthesizedbyasolgelmethodandtheintercalationkineticsaspositiveelectrodeforlithiumionbatteriesisinvestigatedbyEIS.LiMn1.5Ni0.5O4particlespreparedviasolgelprocesspossessspinelphasewithFd-3mspacegroup.Thecharge-transferresistance,theexchangecurrentdensityandthesolid-phasediffusionarefoundasafunctionoftemperature.Theapparentactivationenergyoftheexchangecurrent,thechargetransfer,andthelithiumdiffusioninsolidphasearealsodetermined,respectively.Thisresultindicatesthattheeffectofthetemperatureonthecellcapacityandthecurrentdependenceofthecapacityresultsmainlyfromtheenhancementofthelithiumdiffusionatelevatedtemperatures.ItcanbeconcludedthatLiMn1.5Ni0.5O4cellhasabadratecyc领performanceatelevatedtemperaturesbeforeanymodificationduetothehighdiffusionapparentactivationenergy.TherelevanttheoreticalelucidationsthusprovideussomeusefulinsightsintothedesignofnovelLiMn1.5Ni0.5O4-basedpositive-electrodematerials.[详细]
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Characterization of stability, aggregation, and equilibrium properties of modified natural products

Unstablebiopolymersolutionsinevitablyleadtomis-characterizationofmacromolecularpropertiesandirreproducibleresults.Evenunderstableorquasi-stableconditions,persistentaggregatescanhamperreliablecharacterization,especiallyusinglightscatteringmethods.Variouspitfallsincharacterizingbiopolymerswereworkedthrough,includingdeterminationofsolutionstabilityzones,dissolutionkinetics,estimationoffractionofaggregatepopulations,andtherelationshipbetweenbatchandfractionationmethods.Chitosans,polyampholyticbiopolymerswithisoelectricpointaroundpH=6.0,withvaryingdegreesofcarboxymethylationwerestudied.Instabilitywasdeterminedvs.pHandionicstrengthusingahighthroughputscreeningmethod,simultaneousmultiplesamplelightscattering(SMSLS).Withstablesolutionconditionsdetermined,equilibriumbatchandmulti-detectorGPCcharacterizationofmolecularweight,intrinsicviscosity,andpolyelectrolytepropertieswasmade.Finally,afirstattemptatcontinuousonlinemonitoringofthemodificationreactionitselfwasmadeandcomparedtoFTIRanalysisofcarboxymethylationondiscretealiquots.Giventherangeofpossiblecharacterizationproblems,multipleapproacheswithindependentinstrumentsmayberequiredforreliablenaturalproductcharacterization.Onlinemonitoringofmodificationreactionsmayleadtorapidadvancesinunderstandingandpreparationofnaturalproducts.[详细]
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Unstablebiopolymersolutionsinevitablyleadtomis-characterizationofmacromolecularpropertiesandirreproducibleresults.Evenunderstableorquasi-stableconditions,persistentaggregatescanhamperreliablecharacterization,especiallyusinglightscatteringmethods.Variouspitfallsincharacterizingbiopolymerswereworkedthrough,includingdeterminationofsolutionstabilityzones,dissolutionkinetics,estimationoffractionofaggregatepopulations,andtherelationshipbetweenbatchandfractionationmethods.Chitosans,polyampholyticbiopolymerswithisoelectricpointaroundpH=6.0,withvaryingdegreesofcarboxymethylationwerestudied.Instabilitywasdeterminedvs.pHandionicstrengthusingahighthroughputscreeningmethod,simultaneousmultiplesamplelightscattering(SMSLS).Withstablesolutionconditionsdetermined,equilibriumbatchandmulti-detectorGPCcharacterizationofmolecularweight,intrinsicviscosity,andpolyelectrolytepropertieswasmade.Finally,afirstattemptatcontinuousonlinemonitoringofthemodificationreactionitselfwasmadeandcomparedtoFTIRanalysisofcarboxymethylationondiscretealiquots.Giventherangeofpossiblecharacterizationproblems,multipleapproacheswithindependentinstrumentsmayberequiredforreliablenaturalproductcharacterization.Onlinemonitoringofmodificationreactionsmayleadtorapidadvancesinunderstandingandpreparationofnaturalproducts.[详细]
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Aggregation Kinetics of Citrate and Polyvinylpyrroli

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