请教英语高人，帮忙翻译一下．急用，谢谢！！！

531425977 2007-06-03 08:49:34 415 浏览

Theelementalcontentofrawmaterials，phosphogypsum，substrate(potassiumsalt)，products(superphosphateand“Amofoska”)，soil，andgrasswasdeterminedusingconventionalandepithermaln... The elemental content of raw materials， phosphogypsum， substrate (potassium salt)， products (superphosphate and “Amofoska”)， soil， and grass was determined using conventional and epithermal neutron activation analysis using the IBR-2 pulsed fast reactor at Frank Laboratory of Neutron Physics (FLNP)， Joint Institute for Nuclear Research (JINR)， Dubna， Russia. The analytical procedure was described elsewhere by Frontasyeva and Pavlov [15]. Quality control was based on the application of certified reference materials (CRMs): IAEA-336 (lichens)， IAEA-SDM (lake sediment) and IAEA-SL1 (soil). The certified values and the results obtained by NAA were compared (Table 2). Concentrations of most elements were in good agreement with the CRMs except for Ti， Ni， Ce， Eu， Dy and Rb， which differed from the certified value as follows: Ti - 41.7 %， Ni - 26.5 %， Ce - 24.3 %， Eu - 32.9 % and Dy - 33.3 % in IAEA-SL1 (soil) and Rb - 20.6 % in IAEA-336 (lichens). For the 21 elements in agreement with the certified values the bias observed was below 20 %. For 11 elements (Al， V， Mn， As， Br， Sc， Cr， Sm， Na， Co and Sb)， the bias ranged from 0.03 % to 5 %， for 5 elements (Fe， Zn， Ba， Th and Cs) the bias was greater than 5 % but lower than 10 %， and for 5 elements (La， Tb， Hf， Ta and U) the bias was determined to be between 10 % and 20 %. Samples of raw materials， phosphogypsum， substrate， products， soil (of about 0.1 g)， and grass (0.3 g) were irradiated in cadmium-screened channels 1 and 2 of the pneumatic “Regata” system described elsewhere by Frontasyeva and Pavlov [15]. In order to determine elements associated with long-lived radionuclides， samples were irradiated for 100 hours. Spectra of induced gamma activity were recorded after 4 and 20-24 days of cooling. Short irradiations， 5 minutes for grass samples and 60 seconds for the remaining samples， allowed determination of Al， Ca， Cl， I， K， Na， Mg， Mn， Ti and V. Gamma-ray spectra were recorded after 5 and 12 minutes after irradiation. Data processing was performed using software developed at FLNP JINR [16， 17]. All gamma-spectrometers and counting electronics were made at JINR [16]. The software developed at FLNP JINR for peak searching， peak fitting， and nuclide identification routines were used for processing the amplitude spectra [16]. In the case of the lack of analytical data， there was a half of the detection limit inserted for each analyte [18]. Principal component analysis (classical PCA and fuzzy PCA) was performed as a tool for searching the possible correlations between environmental and industrial samples that could implicate the impact of phosphatic fertilizer production on the environment adjacent to the plant. 请给一个比较能看懂的翻译，谢谢. 展开

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lcjdream01 2007-06-04 00:00:00

原料、 phosphogypsum 的元素内容，基体 (钾盐)，产品 (过磷酸盐和 " Amofoska") 、土壤和草被决定使用传统的而且使用 IBR-2 的 epithermal 中子使活动分析跳动了快速的反应者在中子物理学 (FLNP) 的法兰克实验室，给核子的联合学会研究 (JINR)， Dubna，俄国。分析的程序被 Frontasyeva 描述其他地方了，而且巴甫洛夫 [15]. 质量控制以检定的叁考材料的申请为基础 (客户关系管理): 国际原子能总署 -336(青苔) 、国际原子能总署-SDM(湖沉淀物) 和国际原子能总署-SL1(土壤). 被 NAA 获得的被检定的价值和结果被比较 (表 2) 。集中除了 Ti 、 Ni ， Ce 以外大多数元素是与客户关系管理吻合， Eu 、 Dy 和 Rb，依下列各项不同于被检定的价值: Ti- 41.7%， Ni- 26.5%， Ce- 24.3%， Eu- 32.9% 和 Dy- 在国际原子能总署的 33.3%-SL1(土壤) 和 Rb- 20.6% 在国际原子能总署 -336(青苔). 因为这 21种元素在协议与那检定评价偏见观察在 20% 下面. 对于 11种元素 (Al 、 V ， Mn，当做， Br 、 Sc 、 Cr 、 Sm 、 Na， Co 和 Sb)， the bias ranged from 0.03 % to 5 %， for 5 elements (Fe， Zn， Ba， Th and Cs) the bias 是比 5% 大但是比 10% 低，和为 5种元素 (La 、 Tb 、 Hf 、 Ta 和 U) 偏见决定在 10% 和 20% 之间。原料、 phosphogypsum 、基体、产品的样品，土壤，(大约 0.1 g) 而且草 (0.3 g) 被在镉审查通道 1 和 2 照耀那空气的 " Regata" 系统描述 Frontasyeva 和巴甫洛夫 [15] 的其他地方. 在次序中到决定元素与长命的放射性核种有关，样品被照耀 100 小时。在 4 and 20-24 天之后感应灰阶活动的频谱被记录. 冷却。短发光，草样品和 60 秒的 5 分钟为那剩余的样品，允许了 Al 、 Ca 的决心、 Cl 、我， K 、 Na 、毫克、 Mn 、 Ti 和 V. 伽??线频谱被记录在发光后 5 而且 12 分钟之后。数据处理被运行使用软件在 FLNP JINR[16，17] 发展了。所有的灰阶-分光计和计算电子学在 JINR[16] 被做。软件在 FLNP JINR 发展了Z高的搜索， Z高的配件、和核种确认常式作为处理广阔频谱 [16]. 在缺乏分析数据的情况，有被插入的一个一半的发现界限对于每分析物 [18]. 主要的成份分析 (古典的 PCA 和模糊 PCA) 是运行如寻找的一个工具那可能的相互关系在环境的之间和可以使磷酸盐肥料的冲击产生关系的工业的样品. 生产在环境与植物相邻.

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请教英语高人，帮忙翻译一下．急用，谢谢！！！: Theelementalcontentofrawmaterials，phosphogypsum，substrate(potassiumsalt)，products(superphosphateand“Amofoska”)，soil，andgrasswasdeterminedusingconventionalandepithermaln... The elemental content of raw materials， phosphogypsum， substrate (potassium salt)， products (superphosphate and “Amofoska”)， soil， and grass was determined using conventional and epithermal neutron activation analysis using the IBR-2 pulsed fast reactor at Frank Laboratory of Neutron Physics (FLNP)， Joint Institute for Nuclear Research (JINR)， Dubna， Russia. The analytical procedure was described elsewhere by Frontasyeva and Pavlov [15]. Quality control was based on the application of certified reference materials (CRMs): IAEA-336 (lichens)， IAEA-SDM (lake sediment) and IAEA-SL1 (soil). The certified values and the results obtained by NAA were compared (Table 2). Concentrations of most elements were in good agreement with the CRMs except for Ti， Ni， Ce， Eu， Dy and Rb， which differed from the certified value as follows: Ti - 41.7 %， Ni - 26.5 %， Ce - 24.3 %， Eu - 32.9 % and Dy - 33.3 % in IAEA-SL1 (soil) and Rb - 20.6 % in IAEA-336 (lichens). For the 21 elements in agreement with the certified values the bias observed was below 20 %. For 11 elements (Al， V， Mn， As， Br， Sc， Cr， Sm， Na， Co and Sb)， the bias ranged from 0.03 % to 5 %， for 5 elements (Fe， Zn， Ba， Th and Cs) the bias was greater than 5 % but lower than 10 %， and for 5 elements (La， Tb， Hf， Ta and U) the bias was determined to be between 10 % and 20 %. Samples of raw materials， phosphogypsum， substrate， products， soil (of about 0.1 g)， and grass (0.3 g) were irradiated in cadmium-screened channels 1 and 2 of the pneumatic “Regata” system described elsewhere by Frontasyeva and Pavlov [15]. In order to determine elements associated with long-lived radionuclides， samples were irradiated for 100 hours. Spectra of induced gamma activity were recorded after 4 and 20-24 days of cooling. Short irradiations， 5 minutes for grass samples and 60 seconds for the remaining samples， allowed determination of Al， Ca， Cl， I， K， Na， Mg， Mn， Ti and V. Gamma-ray spectra were recorded after 5 and 12 minutes after irradiation. Data processing was performed using software developed at FLNP JINR [16， 17]. All gamma-spectrometers and counting electronics were made at JINR [16]. The software developed at FLNP JINR for peak searching， peak fitting， and nuclide identification routines were used for processing the amplitude spectra [16]. In the case of the lack of analytical data， there was a half of the detection limit inserted for each analyte [18]. Principal component analysis (classical PCA and fuzzy PCA) was performed as a tool for searching the possible correlations between environmental and industrial samples that could implicate the impact of phosphatic fertilizer production on the environment adjacent to the plant. 请给一个比较能看懂的翻译，谢谢. 展开

英语高手帮忙翻译一下: ThequalitysystemofthecompanyisinconformitywithISO9002.Makingcomprehensiveuseofbiotechnology，thecompanyspecializesinmanufacturingandsellingC-4seriesorganicacidsandchiralpr... The quality system of the company is in conformity with ISO 9002 . Making comprehensive use ofbiotechnology， the company specializes in manufacturing and selling C-4series organic acids and chiral products. These products are widely used in many fields such as food， phamaceutical and chemical industries， and are well accepted by the overseas markets. The man products are L-Malic acid ， DL-Malic acid， L(+)-Tartaric acid ， Fumaric acid， Maleic acid and other organic acids. Annual productivity amounts to 20，000 tones. The company has become an important manufacturer of C-4 series organic acids in the world . All the products of the company have respectively met the different international aadvanced standards such as Food chemicals Codex， U.S. Pharmacopoeia ，British Pharmacopoeia and the products have obtained Star-K Kosher certificate. Above 70% of the Companys products are exported to Japan， Europe， Australias， the United states and middle East ， and they are renown and well recognized in the international markets. The company will devote itself to research and development of enzyme technology and organic electrochemistry. It will continuously introduce new food additives， chiral pharmaceutical intermediates， chiral auxiliaries and chiral drugs. Depending on superior quality， good service and high reputation， the company is willing to establish a long-term mutually beneficial business partnership with overseas customers and continue contribute to the happy life of humans. 展开

帮忙翻译一下，谢谢: IFRS13willhelpincreasetransparencywhenentitiesusemodelstomeasurefairvalue，particularlywhenusersneedmoreinformationaboutmeasurementuncertainty，suchaswhenthemarketforanasse... IFRS 13 will help increase transparency when entities use models to measure fair value， particularly when users need more information about measurement uncertainty， such as when the market for an asset or a liability has become less active. IFRS 13 requires entities to disclose information about the valuation techniques and inputs used to measure fair value， as well as information about the uncertainty inherent in fair value measurements (which was of particular concern during the global fi nancial crisis). Some of those disclosures， including the fair value hierarchy， were already introduced in March 2009 through an amendment to IFRS 7 Financial Instruments: Disclosures. Those disclosures have been relocated to IFRS 13. The requirements in IFRS 13 also incorporate the guidance in a FASB Staff Position (FSP) issued in April 2009. 展开

英语高手帮忙翻译段英文谢谢！！: In this paper， the degradation of an azo dye Orange G (OG) on nitrogen-doped TiO2 photocatalysts has been investigated under visible light and sunlight irradiation. Under visible light irradiation， the doped TiO2 nanocatalysts demonstrated ... In this paper， the degradation of an azo dye Orange G (OG) on nitrogen-doped TiO2 photocatalysts has been investigated under visible light and sunlight irradiation. Under visible light irradiation， the doped TiO2 nanocatalysts demonstrated higher activity than the commercial Dugussa P25 TiO2， allowing more efﬁcient utilization of solar light， while under sunlight， P25 showed higher photocatalytic activity. According to the X-ray diffraction (XRD)， X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and UV–vis spectra analyses， it was found that both the nanosized anatase structure and the appearance of new absorption band in the visible region caused by nitrogen doping were responsible for the signiﬁcant enhancement of OG degradation under visible light. In addition， the photosensitized oxidation mechanism originated from OG itself was also considered contributing to the higher visible-light-induced degradation efﬁciency. The effect of the initial pH of the solution and the dosage of hydrogen peroxide under different light sources was also investigated. Under visible light and sunlight， the optimal solution pH was both 2.0， while the optimal dosage of H2O2 was 5.0 and 15.0 mmol/l， respectively. Azodyes， which are characterized by the presence of one or more azo bonds ( N N )， are among the most notorious widespread environmental pollutants associated with textile，cosmetic， food colorants， printing， and pharmaceutical indus-tries. Because of their non-degradability， toxicity， potential mutagenicity and carcinogenicity， wastewaters originating from these dyes production or application industries pose a major threat to the surrounding ecosystems and human beings’ health.[1–3].Environmental concerns and the need of meeting the strin-gent international standards for rejecting wastewaters has made the development of novel and cost-effective processes for the puriﬁcation of azo dyes efﬂuents an issue of major technological importance. 展开

请专家帮忙翻译一下，谢谢！: 粒度检测方法与优缺点比较粉末粒度分布的测量方法经过百余年的发展，据统计至少已经发展了上百种，但随着科技的发展，有些方法被逐步淘汰，有些方法得到了改进和发展（如激光散射法、动态光散射等），并在生产、科研中得到了广泛的应用，现在普遍使用的测量... 粒度检测方法与优缺点比较粉末粒度分布的测量方法经过百余年的发展，据统计至少已经发展了上百种，但随着科技的发展，有些方法被逐步淘汰，有些方法得到了改进和发展（如激光散射法、动态光散射等），并在生产、科研中得到了广泛的应用，现在普遍使用的测量方法有筛分法、显微图像法、光透沉降法、激光散射（衍射）法等几种，下面简单介绍几种常用的粒度测量方法。 ▲ 筛分法是一种具有很长历史的粒度测定方法，筛分法粒度测量是利用一组筛孔大小不同的标准筛将粉末进行筛分，然后对每个筛上样品分别进行称重，进而得到以质量为量纲的粒度分布数据，并可由分布结果计算出如Dv50等其它参数。筛分滶要特点是测量成本低廉，操作简单，但存在着如重复性差，测量时间较长，不能对5um以下的颗粒进行测量等缺点。 ▲显微图像分析法利用光学或电子显微镜及计算机图像识别技术对颗粒粒度及粒度分布，颗粒形貌进行测量，分析的方法。这种方法不仅能够测量粒度分布而且能够直接观察到颗粒的形状，是目前唯yi的一种可目视的直观测试方法，这种特点也是其它粒度测量仪器所不具备。这种方法的优点是直观、简便、费用低，缺点是由于取样量很少，为使测量结果代表性，必须增加待测颗粒的个数（一般认为测量颗粒的个数应在1000个以上），这就相应啬了测量时间，及测试人员的工作强度，但由于能够对颗粒形貌（如长径比等）进行测量，目前也有广泛应用。 ▲光透沉降法沉降法粒度测试的理论基础是斯托克司定律和比尔定律。前者给出颗粒沉降速度与粒径的关系，后者阐明光透过率与粒径重量的关系。可简单的描述为：在沉降液中，有若干相同比重的颗粒，如果同一时刻，从同一位置开始下降，则不同直径的颗粒到达测量区的时间是不同的，根据颗粒到达测量区的时间，及光强的强弱，就可以计算出颗粒的粒径，及相应粒径的颗粒在颗粒群中占有的比例。采用此种原理的测量仪器有比较长的使用历史，但随着科技的发展和测量手段的进步，此方法的缺点也日益突出，如测量时间长，重复性误差大等。 ▲ 激光散射法颗粒测量仪器是以富朗和菲衍射（Fraunhofer diffraction）和米氏散射（Mie scattering）为理论基础。此理论可以简单理解为沿直线传播的平行激光束，在传播过程中遇到颗粒的遮挡后，传播方向发生了改变（即发生了衍射和散射现象），并且大颗粒使激光改变的角度小，小颗粒改变大。（实际上是由于颗粒的遮挡在无限远处形成了一个爱里斑，爱里斑87%的能量集中在ZX亮环，且颗粒直径越大，ZX环越小，颗粒直径越小ZX亮环越大）。如果能在不同角度上接收光能，对于相应的的角度，其光能是对应直径的颗粒集合发生衍射（散射）造成的，相应其他角度上光能的强弱也就反应了对应直径颗粒在整个颗粒集合中占有的比例。 ▲ 采用激光粒度测量仪器相对于光透沉降粒度测量仪器具有很多优点： 1. 原理先进，并且由于测试过程中没有需要预先设定的参数（如样品比重、介质黏度、环境温度等），及在测量过程中随时改变的条件，因此测量结果准确、可靠。 2. 测量速度快，测试时间与样品粒度分布无关，典型测试过程一般小于一分钟； 3. 每次测试，多次对样品进行扫描，测试结果重复性好； 4. 进样方式种类多，可适用于各种类样品。展开

急求翻译请帮忙翻译一下这篇英文资料，急用！！！！: Wells-BrookfieldCone/PlateRapidDeterminationOfAbsoluteViscosityIntroductionTheWells-BrookfieldCone/PlateViscometergivesresearchersasophisticatedinstrumentforroutinelydete... Wells-Brookfield Cone/Plate Rapid Determination Of Absolute Viscosity Introduction The Wells-Brookfield Cone/Plate Viscometer gives researchers a sophisticated instrument for routinely determining absolute viscosity of fluids in small sample volumes. Its cone and plate geometry provides the precision necessary for development of complete rheological data. Principle of Operation The Wells-Brookfield Cone/Plate Viscometer is a precise torque meter which is driven at discrete rotational speeds. The torque measuring system， which consists of a calibrated beryllium-copper spring connecting the drive mechanism to a rotating cone， senses the resistance to rotation caused by the presence of sample fluid between the cone and a stationary flat plate. The resistance to the rotation of the cone produces a torque that is proportional to the shear stress in the fluid. The amount of torque is indicated either on a dial or digital display， depending on model. This reading is easily converted to absolute centipoise units (mPa.s) from pre-calculated range charts. Alternatively， viscosity can be calculated from the known geometric constants of the cone， the rate of rotation， and the stress related torque. See Range Tables The correct relative position of cone and plate is obtained by following a simple mechanical procedure without the need for external gauges or supplementary instrumentation. The stationary plate forms the bottom of a sample cup which can be removed， filled with .5 ml to 2.0 ml of sample fluid (depending on cone in use)， and remounted without disturbing the calibration. The sample cup is jacketed and has tube fittings for connection to a constant temperature circulating bath. The system is accurate to within ?.0% of the working range. Reproducibility is to within ?.2%. Working temperature range is from 0oC to 100oC. 展开

环境英语文献翻译急用: Thereisagrowinginterestindeterminingmercury(Hg)levelsinthemarineenvironmentaswellasinfishforhumanconsumption.Methylmercury(MeHg)inparticularisthemosttoxicandbioaccumulati... There is a growing interest in determining mercury(Hg) levels in the marine environment as well as in fish for human consumption. Methyl mercury(Me Hg)in particular is the most toxic and bioaccumulative form of mercury in food webs and it is the predominant chemical form making up 80%-90% of the total mercury present in fish muscle tissue.Hence，fish and other organisms at the end of the food chain constitute the major source of MeHg in the human . As outcome of this risk，MeHg has been classically monitored in fish， and methodologies for mercury speciaion have increased significantly since the early 1990s. Currently， microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) has provided an efficient alternative strategy to conventional techniques for solvent extraction of a large amount of organometals compounds.The analytical techniques most frequently applied for Hg speciation analysis involve GC(GasChromatography) ， GC-CICP-MS(Gas Chromatography -CInductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry) supercritical fluids chromatography (SFC)，ion chromatograph(IC)， HPLC-CCVAAS(High Performance Liqui Chromatography-Cold Vapor Atomic Absorption Spectrometry) or ICP-MS systems .Several authors recommended a back-extraction of mercury species from organic solvents to cysteine or sodium thiosulphate aqueous solutions .Because MeHg is the most common organomercury compound in biological materials ，here we offer a new simple and cost-effective method to determine MeHg. Basically， this method combines the microwave assisted extraction followed by clean-up with cysteine acetate solution and MeHg quantification by a direct mercury analyzer (DMA). 展开

帮忙翻译一下化工方面的单词英语: 碱值测定器试剂移液管锥形瓶酸式滴定管甲基黄溴甲酚绿混合指示剂盐酸标准溶液摩尔/升酸式滴定管... 碱值测定器试剂移液管锥形瓶酸式滴定管甲基黄溴甲酚绿混合指示剂盐酸标准溶液摩尔/升酸式滴定管展开

帮忙翻译一段英语: Plant material and culture conditions have been described (7). Briefly， a diploid tissue culture line， WOO1C， of wild carrot， Daucus carota L.， was maintained in Murashige and Skoog medium supplemented with 0.1 mg of 2，4-dichlorophenoxy... Plant material and culture conditions have been described (7). Briefly， a diploid tissue culture line， WOO1C， of wild carrot， Daucus carota L.， was maintained in Murashige and Skoog medium supplemented with 0.1 mg of 2，4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2，4-D). To regenerate plants from the culture， callus tissue was transferred to the same medium devoid of 2，4-D (embryogenic medium). All experiments were performed with cultures grown in liquid medium. For convenience， cultures grown in 2，4-D-containing medium are referred to as "callus cultures"， and those grown in medium without 2，4-D as "embryo cultures." The growth of callus cultures was measured by the sidearmturbidity method (7). The number of cells at any time point of growth was estimated from turbidity in a Klett-Summerson calorimeter and was expressed in arbitrary units. For example， Klett 100 corresponds to ="2 X 106 cells per ml. The relationship is linear up to Klett 150 in our Klett-Summerson colorimeter. Suspension cultures ofWOOLC cell line are normally maintained at cell densities between 106 and 107 cells per ml in 0.1 mg of 2，4-D per liter (high-density culture) in shake flasks. During a quantitative study on embryogenesis， we found that maximal embryo production can be achieved by first incubating the culture at high density in medium without 2，4-D for one generation time and then diluting it to 2-3 x 104 cells per ml (low-density culture). To compare cultures of comparable density， callus cultures and embryo cultures were subjected to the same procedure. To initiate low-density embryo or callus cultures， an 8-day-old high-density culture grown at the logarithmic phase was washed three times with fresh callus or embryogenic medium and resuspended at 8 x 105 cells per ml for one generation (3 days) in its corresponding medium. It was then diluted to 2 x 104 cells per ml; 20 ml of the culture was incubated in a plastic Petri dish (9 cm in diameter) at 240C. The morphogenetic events of the cultures were examined and photographed under a dissecting microscope. 请不要用google的那个，我看不懂~~ 展开

请帮忙翻译一下，拜托: A new kind of TiO2 nanotube array/Ni(OH)2 (TiO2/Ni(OH)2) composite electrode with the storage ability of light energy was prepared by the deposition of Ni(OH)2 on the TiO2 nanotube array， which was synthesized by anodizing Ti foils in an HF... A new kind of TiO2 nanotube array/Ni(OH)2 (TiO2/Ni(OH)2) composite electrode with the storage ability of light energy was prepared by the deposition of Ni(OH)2 on the TiO2 nanotube array， which was synthesized by anodizing Ti foils in an HF aqueous solution. SEM and XRD results showed that Ni(OH)2 particles were well distributed on high density， well-ordered and uniform TiO2 nanotube arrays. The photoelectrochemical properties of the TiO2/Ni(OH)2 electrode were investigated in NaHCO3/NaOH buffer solution (pH 10) by means of UV–vis absorption spectra， cyclic voltammogram (CV) and photocurrent measurements. It was found that the TiO2/Ni(OH)2 electrode was highly sensitive to light and exhibited excellent photoelectrochromic properties. Upon UV irradiation， the photogenerated holes by TiO2 nanotube arrays can oxidize Ni(OH)2 to NiOOH， and thus the TiO2/Ni(OH)2 electrode can be photo-charged by light。1. Introduction Among many visible light photocatalysts， TiO2nanostructures have attracted much attention due to high photocatalytic activ-ity， nontoxicity， chemical stability and huge potential applications [1–6]. The TiO2 nanotube array is one of most attention-getting TiO2nanostructures because of large surface area and outstanding charge transport properties. TiO2nanotube arrays can be utilized in dye-sensitized solar cells[7–9]， photocatalysis and hydrogen gas sensing [10]. So far， a variety of methods have been attempted to prepare TiO2 nanotube arrays， such as hydrothermal synthe-sis[11]， Langmuir–Blodgett technique [12]， solution casting [13] and anodization technique[10，14]， etc. Among these methods， the anodization technique has many advantages of low cost， low tem-perature and easy to be scaled up to large-area preparation. Recently， anewkindof photo-functional systemwith theenergy storage ability has been developed by coupling TiO2 photosen-sitive electrode with energy storage materials. In Takahashi and Tatsuma’swork[15]，aTiO2/Ni(OH)2bilayer thinfilmwas suggested for the oxidative energy storage. In this case， a redox-activep-type semiconductor Ni(OH)2is coupled withn-type TiO2photocatalyst to formap–njunction，WhenTiO2is illuminatedby light， holesgen-erated at the junction are separated from excited electrons， trans-ported into the bulk of Ni(OH)2and oxidized Ni(OH)2to NiOOH. Therefore， the oxidative energy storage system was constructed 展开

帮忙翻译一下，万分感谢: 说明一下860DSP是一个信号测量仪器的型号 Here is a good explanation of how the 860 in spectrum mode uses the different settings like dwell wide， narrow， and averaging to look at the spectrum data differently. 860 DSPI Spectrum Analyzer Set... 说明一下860DSP是一个信号测量仪器的型号 Here is a good explanation of how the 860 in spectrum mode uses the different settings like dwell wide， narrow， and averaging to look at the spectrum data differently. 860 DSPI Spectrum Analyzer Settings Explanation In the 860 DSPI there are 3 different and unique spectrum analyzer “Detectors”. These detectors may alter the view of a signals appearance， depending on which is selected. Each detector can show a different picture on the same signal because of the way the detector functions. An important selection to our spectrum analyzer is the amount of digital snap shots to be taken. This will be the amount of digital snapshots that is taken in the allocated bandwidth before showing a picture. With this said， the more sampling that is put into the spectrum analyzer the slower it will seem to update， but more opportunity to capture ingress and other interference that can happen inside a cable plant. Dwell Wide- Dwell Wide takes the largest snapshot out of the amount taken， then the 7.5 MHz spectrum is peak held as the 860 DSPI tunes across the selected frequencies in 250 kHz steps. Example: In Dwell Wide， with a 32 sampling rate set， this in turn means the 860 will dwell or sit on a portion of the spectrum defined above， take 32 snap shots， and then display the picture with the max amplitude before moving on to the next portion of bandwidth. Dwell Narrow- Dwell Narrow takes the largest snapshot out of the amount taken， then a 250 kHz spectrum slice is peak held as the 860 DSPI tunes across the selected frequencies in 250 kHz steps. The difference between Dwell Narrow and Dwell Wide is that Dwell Narrow only peak holds across a 250 kHz slice， where as Dwell wide peak holds the entire 7.5 MHz. Example: In Dwell Narrow， with a 32 sampling rate set， this in turn means the 860 will go to the first 7.5 MHz of the spectrum it will look at a 250 kHz slice of the 7.5 MHz and take its 32 samples. These 32 samples will be done in a peak hold fashion， then display the sample that contains the largest signal. Averaging: This detector when selected looks at a 7.5 MHz portion of the spectrum. When it tunes to the first 7.5 MHz portion of the spectrum， it takes into account how much sampling is selected， then takes it’s digital snapshots on the entire 7.5 MHz， averages those pictures together， then shows the final averaged picture. This detector is used for looking at large amounts of bandwidth. Example: In Averaging， with a 32 sampling rate set， this in turn means the 860 will go to the first 7.5 MHz of the spectrum， take it’s 32 digital snap shots， average those together， and show the average of the 32 snapshots. 展开

50分！高手帮忙翻译一下: LabVIEWisapowerfulandcomplexprogrammingenvironment.LabVIEWisshortforLaboratoryVirtualInstrumentEngineeringWorkbench.Itisapowerfulandflexibleinstrumentationandanalysissoft... LabVIEW is a powerful and complex programming environment. LabVIEW is short for Laboratory Virtual Instrument Engineering Workbench. It is a powerful and flexible instrumentation and analysis software development application created by the folks at National Instruments—a company that creates hardware and software products that leverage computer technology to help engineers and scientists take measurements， control processes， and analyze and storem data. National Instruments was founded over twenty-five years ago in Austin， Texas by James Truchard (known as Dr. T)， Jeffrey Kodosky， and William Nowlin. At the time， all three men were working on sonar applications for the U.S. Navy at the Applied Research Laboratories at The University of Texas at Austin. Searching for a way to connect test equipment to DEC PDP-11 computers， Dr. T decided to develop an interface bus. He recruited Jeff and Bill to join him in his endeavor， and together they successfully developed LabVIEW and the notion of a “virtual instrument.” In the process they managed to infuse their new company—National Instruments—with an entrepreneurial spirit that still pervades the company today. Engineers and scientists in research， development， production， test， and service industries as diverse as automotive， semiconductor， aerospace， electronics， chemical， telecommunications， and pharmaceutical have used and continue touse LabVIEW to support their work. LabVIEW is a major player in the area of testing and measurements， industrial automation， and data analysis. For example， scientists at NASA’s Jet Propulsion Laboratory used LabVIEW to analyze and display Mars Pathfinder Sojourner rover engineering data， including the position and temperature of the rover， how much power remained in the rover’s battery， and generally to monitor Sojourner’s overall health. LabVIEW provides an extensive library of virtual instruments and functions to help you in your programming. It includes conventional program debugging tools with which you can set breakpoints， single-step through the program， and animate the execution so you can observe the flow of data. 毕业设计急用，望高手帮忙翻译一下展开

求助：帮忙帮忙，机械英语NB的帮忙翻译下: The effect of beam diameter on the electron skirt in a high pressure scanning electron microscope R. Belkorissata， A. Kadouna， B. Khelifab， C. Mathieub，* aLaboratoire d’Elaboration et de Caracte´risation des Mate´riaux， Univ... The effect of beam diameter on the electron skirt in a high pressure scanning electron microscope R. Belkorissata， A. Kadouna， B. Khelifab， C. Mathieub，* aLaboratoire d’Elaboration et de Caracte´risation des Mate´riaux， Universite´ Djilali Liabe`s de Sidi Bel-Abbes， BP 89， 22000 Sidi Bel-Abbe`s， Algeria bCentre de Calcul et de Mode´lisation de Lens， University D’Artois， Faculte´ Jean Perrin， SP 18 Rue Jean Souvraz， 62307 Lens cedex， France Received 9 February 2004; accepted 19 March 2004 Abstract Helium gas and air are commonly used in the high pressure scanning electron microscope (HPSEM). The presence of a gaseous environment in the specimen chamber modifies the electron beam profile. In order to fully understand the beam-gas interaction， we have investigated the beam-diameter effect for two gases (helium and air) by Monte Carlo simulation. In this calculation， we have assumed that the electron beam is Gaussian and we have explored the influence of the nature of the gas at low voltage. When the beam diameter varies between 1 and 100 nm， there is no influence on the beam profile for these two gases. The resolving power of the HPSEM is not affected by the beamgas interaction. These theoretical results have been compared with experimental images obtained at low voltage under air and helium gases. The variation of image quality at low voltage has confirmed the interest of helium for use in a Field Emission Gun SEM (FEGSEM) in high pressure (or low vacuum) conditions. q 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. Keywords: High pressure scanning electron microscope; Monte Carlo; Electron scattering; Electron profile; Skirting 展开

急求英语达人帮忙翻译段文章，在线等谢谢: The incorporation of silicon from the quartz-made growth chamber， characteristic of NIRIM-type reactor is insignificant in our samples， if any. The peak at 1.681 eV from the Si–V defect is totally absent from our films (not shown here)， wh... The incorporation of silicon from the quartz-made growth chamber， characteristic of NIRIM-type reactor is insignificant in our samples， if any. The peak at 1.681 eV from the Si–V defect is totally absent from our films (not shown here)， which supports the good quality of these films. The improvement of the crystalline quality of {111} films is explained by the weak ion bombardment of the sample during its growth outside the plasma ball. Raman measurements (not shown in this work) have also confirmed the high crystalline quality of our films， in particular in the low doping range. Very high boron concentrations (up to 5×1021 cm−3) have been reached at this growth position， outside the plasma ball. 展开

帮忙翻译一哈文章（翻译成英语）: 摘要本文采用环氧氯丙烷、乙二胺、对氨基苯磺酸等物质合成了一种新的活性染料耐氯水牢度提升剂，并对经多种类型活性染料染色的织物进行固色处理，再进行氯漂处理。经过对织物K/S值、Z大吸收波长λmax、摩擦牢度及皂洗牢度的分析，确定提升剂处理的Z佳工... 摘要本文采用环氧氯丙烷、乙二胺、对氨基苯磺酸等物质合成了一种新的活性染料耐氯水牢度提升剂，并对经多种类型活性染料染色的织物进行固色处理，再进行氯漂处理。经过对织物K/S值、Z大吸收波长λmax、摩擦牢度及皂洗牢度的分析，确定提升剂处理的Z佳工艺。实验表明:织物的K/S值有很大的提高，织物的耐氯牢度大致可提升2～3级，并且不会改变织物色光。但是提升剂对色织物的摩擦牢度和皂洗牢度影响不是很大。关键词：活性染料；耐氯色牢度；提升剂；染色工艺展开

请各位大虾帮忙翻译一下：: Withmorethan6millionnewmeasurementchannelssoldlastyear，NationalInstrumentsisaworldwideleaderinvirtualinstrumentation.Engineershaveusedvirtualinstrumentationformorethan25y... With more than 6 million new measurement channels sold last year， National Instruments is a worldwide leader in virtual instrumentation. Engineers have used virtual instrumentation for more than 25 years to bring the power of flexible software and PC technology to test， control， and design applications making accurate analog and digital measurements from DC to 2.7 GHz. This document provides an excellent introduction to virtual instrumentation as well as additional resources for continued research. What is virtual instrumentation? With virtual instrumentation， software based on user requirements defines general-purpose measurement and control hardware functionality. Virtual instrumentation combines mainstream commercial technologies， such as the PC， with flexible software and a wide variety of measurement and control hardware， so engineers and scientists can create user-defined systems that meet their exact application needs. With virtual instrumentation， engineers and scientists reduce development time， design higher quality products， and lower their design costs. 展开

跪求（急求）帮忙翻译一下: 无机前处理室主要开展食品样品中无机检测进仪器前的预处理工作。通过向食品样品中加入强氧化性酸，采用微波消解技术或电热板加热技术使被测无机组分从复杂的样品中分离出来，除去对分... 无机前处理室主要开展食品样品中无机检测进仪器前的预处理工作。通过向食品样品中加入强氧化性酸，采用微波消解技术或电热板加热技术使被测无机组分从复杂的样品中分离出来，除去对分析测定有干扰的基本物质，制成便于测定的溶液形式。样品的预处理过程都是在无机前处理室进行的。主要仪器：ETHOS A微波消解仪、SD500电热板、Mill-Q Advandage A10超纯水仪等。光谱室主要开展食品、饮用水等样品中重金属元素含量检测工作，各类仪器针对不同的物质进行检测有其各自的优势。原子吸收光谱仪耶拿ZEEnie-700系列仪器主要用于铅、镉、铜、铬、锰、锌、铁、钙、镁、钾、钠等项目检测，双道原子荧光光度计吉天AFS-820a系列仪器主要用于砷、汞、锡等项目检测。光谱分析技术已经被广泛应用于食品和水质检测、环境保护、医药卫生等领域。主要仪器：原子吸收光谱仪耶拿ZEEnie-700系列、双道原子荧光光度计AFS-820a系列。承检项目：食品、饮用水中重金属铅、镉、铜、铬、锰、锌、铁、钙、镁、钾、钠、砷、汞、锡等。要英文的谢谢展开

请高手帮忙翻译一下 3: 2.2.1. Physical and physicochemical characterization The particle size distribution of the Ch-zeolite was determined using a laser diffraction equipment (CILASk 1064) and standard wet sieving (Mesh Tylerk series). Scanning electron mic... 2.2.1. Physical and physicochemical characterization The particle size distribution of the Ch-zeolite was determined using a laser diffraction equipment (CILASk 1064) and standard wet sieving (Mesh Tylerk series). Scanning electron microscopy (SEM-PHILIPSk XL20) was used for photomicrographs as well as to analyse the Ch-zeolite composition (Energy Dispersion X-ray， EDX). The sample was initially placed in a vacuum chamber for coating with a thin layer (few nanometers) of gold (Au). The specific surface area of the material was measured by the methylene blue technique and by nitrogen gas adsorption methods， with the latter also providing information about particle porosity. In the methylene blue adsorption method， aqueous solutions (50 ml) of methylene blue (100 mg l 1) were agitated using an orbital shaker (Marconik) for an hour at room temperature in the presence of different quantities of the Ch-zeolite (0.05–0.3 g). The suspensions were then allowed to settle for 23 h and the resulting supernatants were centrifuged at 5000 rpm before the analysis of the residual methylene blue concentration. Results obtained correspond to averaged values of three different experiments. The specific surface area was evaluated by the Langmuir model， assuming the formation， at high concentrations， of a dye monolayer and 1.08 nm2 molecule 1， for the cross-sectional area (Van den Hul and Lyklema， 1968). The Ch-zeolite specific surface area was evaluated by the nitrogen gas adsorption method， using automated equipment (Autosorb 1-Quantachrome Instrumentsk)， employing multipoint BET isotherm adsorption data fitting. Also from these data， the porosity of the material was evaluated through parameters such as volume of total pores (d < 206 nm)， surface area and volume of micropores (d < 2 nm; Micropore Analysis Method). Zeta potential measurements for the natural and ammonia loaded zeolite， as a function of medium pH， were determined using a Zeta Plusk equipment (Brookhaven Instruments). Suspensions (0.01% v/v) of the Ch-zeolite， previously sieved below 37 Am (400 Mesh Tylerk)， in a 10 3 mol l 1 solution of KNO3 were used and the medium pH was controlled with the addition of HNO3 (pH< 7) and KOH (pH>7)， separately. For the Ch-zeolite saturated with ammonia， suspensions of the material were prepared by the same procedure， except that the sample was loaded with 100 mg NH3–N l 1 of ammonia. 展开

谁可以帮我翻译下这段话成英语，急用，求英语高手: 本文简述了国内外有关大气生物气溶胶的研究现状及其展望。主要围绕生物气溶胶的研究意义，生物气溶胶的研究历史，生物气溶胶的种类及来源，生物气溶胶的浓度及粒径分布特征，生物气溶胶采样技术与检测，以及对生物气溶胶未来发展的展望等六个方面进行了阐述。... 本文简述了国内外有关大气生物气溶胶的研究现状及其展望。主要围绕生物气溶胶的研究意义，生物气溶胶的研究历史，生物气溶胶的种类及来源，生物气溶胶的浓度及粒径分布特征，生物气溶胶采样技术与检测，以及对生物气溶胶未来发展的展望等六个方面进行了阐述。ZD介绍生物气溶胶的分布特征。展开

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