纳米材料翻译（4）

1937698265 2006-10-18 10:56:47 409 浏览

In this study the preparation of ultrafine powder of Bi2S3 by a reaction between bismuth octanoate and sulfur in organic solvent such as high boiling alcanes is reported. The first step was the preparation of bismuth octanoate. Bi(NO3)3Y... In this study the preparation of ultrafine powder of Bi2S3 by a reaction between bismuth octanoate and sulfur in organic solvent such as high boiling alcanes is reported. The first step was the preparation of bismuth octanoate. Bi(NO3)3⋅5H2O and octanic acid were used as the starting materials. The acid was reagent and solvent at the same time and was added in twice excess. After boiling the mixture of starting materials during 1 hour， the product was salted out by ethylacetate. The precipitate was filtered and dried in exxicator at room temperature.The second step was the synthesis of bismuth sulfide by boiling of bismuth octanoate and sulfur in decane during 2.5 hours. The dark grey precipitate was filtered and washed with hexane several times to remove the impurites. The product was dried in exxicator at room temperature. 展开

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龙江一小勺 2006-10-30 00:00:00

在这一个研究中，有机溶剂，像是高的沸腾 alcanes 的在铋 octanoate 和硫之间的一个反作用的 Bi2S3 的 ultrafine 粉末的预备被据报导。首要步骤是铋 octanoate 的预备。 Bi(NO3)3?5 H2O 和 octanic 酸被用如开动材料。酸同时是试剂和溶剂并且在两次过量中被增加。在 1个小时期间沸流开动材料的混合汽之后，生产品藉着 ethylacetate 是盐腌的在外。沈淀在室温在 exxicator 被过滤而且弄干。第二个踏步是在 2.5个钟点期间藉着癸烷的铋 octanoate 和硫的沸流硫化铋的合成。黑暗的灰沈淀与己烷好几时代一起过滤而且洗移除 impurites 。生产品在室温在 exxicator 被弄干。

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赧晴 2006-10-31 00:00:00

这项研究的超细粉末的反应备Bi2S3辛酸和硫铋等有机溶剂沸腾高报.diyi步是准备铋辛酸.毕(硝酸)3千瓦及锡酸作为原料.酸试剂和溶剂的在同一时间、亮色超过两次.原料混合后煮沸1小时期间，该产品是由腌乙酸乙酯.被沉淀、过滤晒干在室温第二步是合成的硫化铋铋沸腾辛酸和硫癸在2.5小时.暗灰色沉淀、过滤被己烷洗涤数次以清除.该产品是在室温干燥.

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ArchLord2国服 2006-10-19 00:00:00

这项研究的超细粉末的反应备Bi2S3辛酸和硫铋等有机溶剂沸腾alcanes高报.diyi步是准备铋辛酸.毕(硝酸)3千瓦及octanic锡酸作为原料.酸试剂和溶剂的在同一时间、亮色超过两次.原料混合后煮沸1小时期间，该产品是由腌乙酸乙酯.被沉淀、过滤晒干exxicator在室温第二步是合成的硫化铋铋沸腾辛酸和硫癸在2.5小时.暗灰色沉淀、过滤被己烷洗涤数次以清除impurites.该产品是在exxicator室温干燥

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纳米材料翻译（4）: In this study the preparation of ultrafine powder of Bi2S3 by a reaction between bismuth octanoate and sulfur in organic solvent such as high boiling alcanes is reported. The first step was the preparation of bismuth octanoate. Bi(NO3)3Y... In this study the preparation of ultrafine powder of Bi2S3 by a reaction between bismuth octanoate and sulfur in organic solvent such as high boiling alcanes is reported. The first step was the preparation of bismuth octanoate. Bi(NO3)3⋅5H2O and octanic acid were used as the starting materials. The acid was reagent and solvent at the same time and was added in twice excess. After boiling the mixture of starting materials during 1 hour， the product was salted out by ethylacetate. The precipitate was filtered and dried in exxicator at room temperature.The second step was the synthesis of bismuth sulfide by boiling of bismuth octanoate and sulfur in decane during 2.5 hours. The dark grey precipitate was filtered and washed with hexane several times to remove the impurites. The product was dried in exxicator at room temperature. 展开

纳米材料翻译（8）: Symposium Spotlights the State of the Science Nanotechnology research may still be in its infancy， but indications are good that the field will be growing up fast in the coming years. This promising trend was evident at the second Interna... Symposium Spotlights the State of the Science Nanotechnology research may still be in its infancy， but indications are good that the field will be growing up fast in the coming years. This promising trend was evident at the second International Symposium on Nanotechnology and Occupational Health， which was held in Minneapolis in early October 2005. Sponsored by NIOSH， the Office of the Vice President for Research at the University of Minnesota and the Center for Biological and Environmental Nanotechnology at Rice University， the symposium showcased not only the progress that has been made in the study of nanotechnology’s workplace issues， but also the depth and breadth of questions that remain. Patrick O’Shaughnessy of the University of Iowa， Iowa City， considered the meeting “very productive. It brought together most of the players from health and safety. It was good to see the variety of academic， government and business people interested in ensuring that the health and safety topics and concerns are addressed as soon as possible. No one wants another asbestos problem to emerge.”He notes that several talks and poster sessions on toxicology showed data implying that nanoparticles tested may not be as reactive as first suspected. In addition， there was a general consensus that typical mass-based measurements will not be adequate when evaluating a workplace because of nanoparticles’ small size and low mass. “Interestingly， devices that measure particle surface area may be very useful because the particles have an extremely large surface-to-volume ratio， and therefore， a greater potential to react with lung tissue，” O’Shaughnessy says. Other topics of interest， adds Mark Hoover of NIOSH， Morgantown， W. Va.， included how to organize health and safety programs and resources to manage nanoparticles effectively and safely， personal protective equipment and filtration， as well as whether existing information about micrometer particles can be extrapolated to the nanometer range. “The evidence is still developing，” Hoover says， “but many people will do investigations with multiple metrics so we can be sure.”Hoover was also impressed with the symposium’s international flavor. “You had a lot of networking going on between U.S. scientists and their colleagues from the Pacific Rim， the European Union， Australia and New Zealand，” he says. “Everybody is eager to get up to speed with their colleagues’ research.” 展开

纳米材料翻译（3）: The preparation of ultrafine powder of bismuth sulfide The synthesis of binary metal sulfides has been the focus of attention because of their important physical and chemical properties [1， 2]， good commercial applications in semiconductor... The preparation of ultrafine powder of bismuth sulfide The synthesis of binary metal sulfides has been the focus of attention because of their important physical and chemical properties [1， 2]， good commercial applications in semiconductors， pigments， luminescence devices， solar cells， IR detectors and optical fiber， communications， modern thermoelectric coolers [3]. Bismuth sulfide (Bi2S3) is a direct band gap material with Eg of 1.3 eV [4] and useful for photodiode arrays of photovoltaics [5]. Usually， busmuth sulfide can be prepared by direct reaction of bismuth and sulfur vapor in a quartz vessel at high temperature [6]. The chemical deposition method was applied to prepare bismuth sulfide through reaction of bismuth salt complexed by triethanolamine or EDTA with an aqueous solution containing a sulfur sourse such as thioacetamide， thiourea， sodium thiosulphate， geseous H2S. However， the powders obtained through this route are mostly amorphous or poorly crystallized [7–10]. The thermal decomposition preparation of bismuth sulfide was also reported by thermal decomposition of bismuth dithiocarbamate complexes [11]， metal ethylxanthate [12]， Bi-thiourea complex [13]. However， all these methods required high temperature or else the final poducts contain some impurites. Some researches use nonagueous solutions for depostion of bismuth sulfide thin films， but they have got amorphous products [14， 15]. Yu and Qian reported thermal synthesis of Bi2S3 through a reaction of BiCl3 and thiourea in ethanol at 140 °C [16]. 展开

纳米材料翻译（6）: Such interest is well founded.Touted as the impetus for a 21st century industrial revolution， manufactured nanoscale materials (less than 100 nanometers) are being studied intensely by a variety of industries. Worldwide， governments are alr... Such interest is well founded.Touted as the impetus for a 21st century industrial revolution， manufactured nanoscale materials (less than 100 nanometers) are being studied intensely by a variety of industries. Worldwide， governments are already investing billions of dollars in nanotechnology; that figure almost certainly will surpass $1 trillion in the next 10 years. Perhaps the only thing that approaches nanotechnology's technological potential is the uncertainty surrounding its occupational health risks. Relatively little is known about the exposure patterns and toxicity levels of ultrafine materials. But with hundreds of thousands of workers expected to join an industry that likely will redefine nearly every aspect of manufacturing and processing in the coming years， it’s essential that IHs learn as much as they can about potential workplace safety issues related to nanotechnology. “This is an opportunity for IHs to be at the forefront of solving problems before they arise，” says Mark Hoover， a senior research scientist at NIOSH in Morgantown， W.Va.“It is certainly a better approach than having to react to a problem or perform a cleanup on short notice.” 展开

翻译纳米材料摘要（2）: Moreover， the particle size of incorporated ZnO calculated from the effective mass model was close to the results obtained from HRTEM. The synthesis method developed in course of this work can be used for the fabrication of different polym... Moreover， the particle size of incorporated ZnO calculated from the effective mass model was close to the results obtained from HRTEM. The synthesis method developed in course of this work can be used for the fabrication of different polymer-inorganic transparent nanocomposites with other functionalities. In the second part of the thesis， we studied a method for the fabrication of micro-porous surface layer – made of copper nanoparticles – on the surface of copper plates (suitable for heat exchangers). The micro-porous surfaces were formed from dendritic network of copper nanoparticles obtained by electrodeposition from solution using dynamic bubble formation and removal as template. The surface layer engineered and its structures were optimized in order to enhance the boiling heat transfer coefficient. To further optimize the dendritic structure， additional annealing step was introduce and its effect on the surface layer structure and properties were investigated. The properties of the deposited surface structures were investigated and its effect on the enhancement of the heart transfer coefficient has been studied. The fabricated enhanced surface has shown an excellent performance in nucleate boiling. Pool boiling tests were performed on refrigerant fluids (R134a) to evaluate the boiling performance of the electrodeposited nanostructured micro-porous structures. At heat flux of 1 W/cm2， the heat transfer coefficient is enhanced over 15 times compared to a plain reference surface. A model has been presented to explain the enhancement based on the structure characteristics. 展开

纳米材料英文文献加翻译:

纳米材料的摘要翻译（7）: Drivers and Directions In the United States， the EPA and NIOSH are spearheading research into nanoparticles and their associated health risks through a variety of funded research projects and information exchange programs. NIOSH’s Web si... Drivers and Directions In the United States， the EPA and NIOSH are spearheading research into nanoparticles and their associated health risks through a variety of funded research projects and information exchange programs. NIOSH’s Web site also cites its participation in the multiagency National Nanotechnology Initiative and the Nanoscale Science， Engineering and Technology Subcommittee of the National Science and Technology Council’s Committee on Technology. But on the whole， the study of nanotechnology in the workplace is still in its infancy. Or as Keith Rickabaugh， technical director of materials and analytical services for RJ Lee Group， Monroeville， Pa.， puts it， “what has been learned is that there is much more to learn.” Rickabaugh goes on to say that， “We need to learn how to economically/reasonably establish safe work practices and engineering controls to protect workers from an ‘unknown’ exposure risk. That includes performing studies to document the health risks of nanosized particles， and training workers to understand and be able to characterize those materials.” 展开

翻译一段纳米材料的摘要(1): Abstract Nanomaterials and nanotechnology have been hot issues during the recent decades. This thesis deals with the fabrication and engineering of novel nanomaterials with enhanced functionality， particularly nanocomposites and nanostruc... Abstract Nanomaterials and nanotechnology have been hot issues during the recent decades. This thesis deals with the fabrication and engineering of novel nanomaterials with enhanced functionality， particularly nanocomposites and nanostructured surfaces. The study includes two parts; in the first part， bulk transparent polymer-inorganic nanocomposites were produced by a novel synthesis method and its UV-absorption has been investigated. In the second part， nanostructured microporous surface layers， of copper， were fabricated by electrodeposition process and its effect on material’s performance for pool boiling has been investigated evaluated.In the first part of the thesis， bulk polymer-inorganic nanocomposites composed of poly(methylmethacrylate) (PMMA) and zinc compounds were prepared by an in situ sol-gel transition polymerization of zinc complex in PMMA matrix. The immiscibility of heterophases of solid organic and inorganic constituents was resolved by the in situ sol-gel transition polymerization of ZnO nanofillers within PMMA in the presence of dual functional agent， monoethanolamine， which provided strong secondary interfacial interactions for both complexing and crosslinking of constituents. Comprehensive characterization of the polymer-inorganic hybrid materials has been undertaken using a wide range of techniques; XRD， 1H NMR， FT-IR， TGA， DSC， UV-Vis， ED， SEM， TEM and HRTEM. The homogeneous PMMA-ZnO nanocomposites exhibited enhanced UV-sheltering effects in the entire UV range even at very low ZnO content of 0.02 wt%. 展开

高分请高手帮忙翻译英文文献资料（4）: Whenliquidisheateditevaporates.Theevaporationprocessisdependentonpressure，temperatureandcompositionoftheliquidandgas.Gascanalsocondense.Inadditionthereisaconvectiveheattr... When liquid is heated it evaporates. The evaporation process is dependent on pressure， temperature and composition of the liquid and gas. Gas can also condense. In addition there is a convective heat transfer between the liquid and gas zone that must be considered. The surfaces in the gas zone also radiates from the shell to the liquid. During the blowdown process mass is usually evacuated from the gas zone， but also liquid might be released. The rate of release is dependent on density and pressure as well as the release area. As pressure and temperature change， the properties of all materials change. This has to be considered in a prediction of a blowdown process. The main purpose of a blowdown process is as earlier stated to maintain integrity of the equipment. The strength properties of the shell are the key factor on that matter. The strength is dependent on the inside pressure as well as the support forces. If the exposing forces produce stress that exceeds the ultimate tensile stress (UTS) in some regions， the integrity of the equipment is no longer maintained. In the design phase of a process plant， these aspects are crucial and must be included as a dimensional factor. For that reason prediction of the blowdown process is essential. Lately some new standards has been introduced to the industry on this matter [3] and [4]. VessFire [1] and [2] is a multi physics system designed for calculation of this kind of problems. It has been applied for some time in the oil and process industry on many projects. The system satisfies the requirements for predictions outlined in [3] and [4]. It includes all aspects described above including integrity of the shell. As part of the verification process some experiments where performed. Some of the experiments are presented here. EXPERIMENTAL STUDY The purpose of the experiments was to investigate the evaporation process and the heat transfer to the liquid and vapour. In a complex system it is important to reduce unknown parameters as far as possible. Exposure from a flame is difficult to control. Flux measurements are point values and not necessarily representative for the average exposure. In order to control the heat exposure it was decided to apply an electric heating system. The system and the verification of the system is described in [5]， [6] and [8]. The furnace was built inside a supporting tube. Figure 2 shows a general arrangement of the experimental outfit. A 0.05 mm stainless steel foil formed as a tube， 300 mm in diameter， generated the heat. The power supply was based on a 3-phase alternating current system giving 48 Volt output as maximum. The top exposure had a limit of 300 kW. The foil had a surface of about 1 m2， giving a heat flux up to 300 kW/m2. The power input could be continuously regulated from zero to maximum load. Each experiment was started from zero and brought up to the required load within a few seconds. After that the surface temperature of the heating foil was kept constant during the exposure period. Experiments with both dry objects as well as water filled object were performed. In this paper only water filled experiments are presented Figure 2 General arrangements drawing of the experimental furnace including the specimen and its support Figure 3 Illustration of the heating unit. The black part is copper conductors for the foil. The grey part is the heating foil exposing the specimen. The foil is equipped with thermo-elements all marked H， except H5 which is the temperature in a copper ring and H6 which is the temperature between the insulation and the supporting tube. 展开

谁发个纳米材料英文文章和翻译啊:

翻译翻译，请高手帮我翻译一下这个说明: Followthesysteminstallationinstructionscarefullyandinthespecifiedorder.ThesoftwaremustbeinstalledonthecomputerbeforeconnectingtheUSBcable.2.1FacilitiesRequirementsFacilit... Follow the system installation instructions carefully and in the specified order. The software must be installed on the computer before connecting the USB cable. 2.1 Facilities Requirements Facilities requirements for the alpha-SE system are listed in Table 2-1 and the system dimensions are given in Fig. 2-1. As shown in Fig. 2-2， the alpha-SE tool requires a clear work area of 20 by 18 inches (500 by 460 mm)， excluding the operator computer. 2.2 Unpacking the Hardware Opening the Shipping Container Move the alpha-SE shipping container to the area where the tool will be installed. Open the container and remove the top and side pieces of packing foam. Carefully remove all smaller components from the shipping container， verifying that you received all components， as shown in Fig. 2-3. Finally， remove the alpha-SE ellipsometer and position it on your clear 20” by 18” (510 by 460 mm) workspace. Caution: The alpha-SE ellipsometer without sample chuck weighs approximately 37 lbs. (16 kg.). Please find an assistant to lift the alpha-SE unit out of the shipping carton and on to clear work surface. 展开

纳米材料: 什么是“纳米材料” 具体包括什么？

筛网4*4 是什么单位？: 才疏学浅，网格单位是什么

生物化学翻译: To show that HAX-1 degradation is part of the apoptotic process and any involvement Omi may have， we used the ucf-101 inhibitor. ucf-101 is a specific inhibitor of the proteolytic activity of Omi and has been described previously (13). When... To show that HAX-1 degradation is part of the apoptotic process and any involvement Omi may have， we used the ucf-101 inhibitor. ucf-101 is a specific inhibitor of the proteolytic activity of Omi and has been described previously (13). When HK-2 cells were treated with cisplatin in the presence of ucf-101， the percentage of apoptotic cells decreased and the inhibitor significantly blocked HAX-1 degradation. This effect was more pronounced when a higher concentration of the inhibitor was used. To confirm the specificity of the inhibitor in this system and exclude the possibility that another protease rather than Omi is involved in HAX-1 cleavage， we used cell lines derived from mnd2 mice (9). The parent cell line (mnd2-MSCV) derived from mouse embryo fibroblasts has no detectable Omi proteolytic activity (9). The same cell line has been transfected with wild type human Omi cDNA (mnd2-MSCV-Omi) and expresses high levels of active Omi protein (14). We found that in mnd2-MSCV cells， when induced to undergo apoptosis with various stimuli， the number of apoptotic cells was very low. Furthermore， no detectable cleavage of HAX-1 was observed. This is in contrast with the mnd2-MSCV-Omi cells where apoptosis was robust， and HAX-1 levels were inversely proportional to the degree of apoptosis. This experiment clearly shows that Omi is solely responsible for HAX-1 cleavage， which is essential for apoptosis under the conditions used in these experiments. HAX-1 subcellular localization depends on cell type (21， 30) and has been reported to be present in the mitochondria， cytoplasm， or plasma membrane (10， 21， 22， 30). We performed subcellular fractionation to investigate where HAX-1 cleavage by Omi takes place. We found that， in HEK293 cells， HAX-1 was predominantly present in the mitochondria， and this localization did not change in response to apoptotic stimuli. This suggests that Omi can initiate apoptosis in the mitochondria by cleaving HAX-1 protein. This is in accord with a recent study that shows Omi can induce apoptosis in human neutrophils treated with TNF- without being released from the mitochondria (7). Although several studies clearly define HAX-1 as an anti-apoptotic protein， the mechanism of its function is unknown. HAX-1 has sequence similarity to Bcl-2 family of proteins (10， 22). 展开

求翻译。。。。。。。。。。。: During the preparation of the nano-products， these nano-units， such as nanoparticles， nanoclusters， nanowires and nanorods， can also self-assemble into the novel structural aggregates by several routes， including electron irradiation deposi... During the preparation of the nano-products， these nano-units， such as nanoparticles， nanoclusters， nanowires and nanorods， can also self-assemble into the novel structural aggregates by several routes， including electron irradiation deposition [19]， chemical vapor deposition [20]， laser vaporization-condensation [21]， charge transferring [22]， an organic reagent-assisted method [23]， solution-liquid-solid method [24] and catalytic vapor-liquid-solid growth [25]. With these routes， various nanoscale or microscale aggregates can demonstrate novel architectures， including tree-like， web-like， spherical， nanowire-like， network and fishbone-like aggregates. As a well-known method for producing the nanocapsules， however， arc-discharge has been rarely used to synthesize the aggregates self-assembled by the nanocapsules prepared simultaneously in arc-discharge. Nevertheless， it is possible that the arc-discharge can be developed into a new way to synthesize the aggregates. In the present work， we utilized arc-discharge technique with modified strategies， involving changing the hydrogen pressure， introducing gadolinium - aluminum alloy ingot as the anode and adjusting the elements percent of the anode according to their evaporation pressure， to synthesize a new type of nanocapsules， with intermetallic compound GdAl2 as core and amorphous Al2O3 as shell， which enlarge the family of the magnetic nanocapsules. At the same time， the regularly aligned three-dimensional macro-aggregates self-assembled by the nanocapsules without any template and catalyst were simultaneously synthesized in arc-discharge process. 展开

机械翻译!!: 13.本系列仪器采用电流、电压双组取样并经单片处理后显示，其读数直观、准确。由于仪器采用了负载四线制取样，从面消除了负载导线电阻对电显示的影响。电路的电压限幅，使得实验更加安全，可靠。 16.采用古埃法（gu-ai method）研究分子结构，测量顺磁和逆... 13.本系列仪器采用电流、电压双组取样并经单片处理后显示，其读数直观、准确。由于仪器采用了负载四线制取样，从面消除了负载导线电阻对电显示的影响。电路的电压限幅，使得实验更加安全，可靠。 16.采用古埃法（gu-ai method）研究分子结构，测量顺磁和逆磁磁化率。主要结构有：电磁铁和恒流电源、数字式高斯计（霍尔效应）、安培计和伏特计、配有照明系统的控制盘。系统采用了PID电子调节，全数字电源（0~10A无级调节），无需水冷却，使得仪器动矿层运行更加稳定可靠，防止因操作不当而造成仪器损坏。 34. 本仪器由光学系统和信号处理系统两部分组成，它根据光拍频原理设计，通过光电转换检测，在普通示波器上同时观察和比较两束光的波形和相位，测量光程差和位相差，求得光速。采用新的分频、触发措施，能在示波器上观察到精确、清晰的波形。 35.本装置用霍尔效应的原理测量螺线管轴向磁场强度分布。能判断半导体载流子的符号，移开螺线管，可做共轭线圈实验。此装置由测定仪和专用电源两部分组成，实验仪上装有螺线管、霍尔元件、二维移动标尺及IM，IH，VH转换开关。专用电源提供霍尔元件工作电流IH，螺线管励磁电流IM以及对霍尔电压VH的测量。电流和电压的测量均采用3 1/2位数显表，测量精度高。翻出来后我再给分!一定会追加分!Z少50分!! 展开

帮忙翻译: AttachingtheSampleChuckYouwillneeda#2Phillipsscrewdriverforthisstep.FollowingthedetailsshowninFig.2-4，installthesamplechuckbyfirstaligningthepinsonthebottomofthesamplechu... Attaching the Sample Chuck You will need a #2 Phillips screwdriver for this step. Following the details shown in Fig. 2-4， install the sample chuck by first aligning the pins on the bottom of the sample chuck with the receptacles on the alpha- SE base. Then tighten the upper two captive thumb screws. Next， use the Phillips screwdriver to tighten the lower two captive screws. Don’t over tighten the screws! It will make it difficult to remove them in the future; just ensure that the screws are snug. Finally， connect the vacuum line from the sample chuck to the vacuum fitting on the alpha-SE base. Releasing the Z-stage Shipping Lock To access the Z-stage shipping lock， first loosen the captive screw on the lamp/shipping lock access door， then open the access door by rotating 180°， as shown in Fig. 2-5. To release the Z-stage shipping lock， stand in front of the ellipsometer and use your left hand to balance the weight of the Z-stage (you will feel it lift up slightly). It will be difficult to release the shipping lock if you apply too much or not enough upward force. Next， use your right hand to move the shipping lock to the operating position (to the right， see Fig. 2-6). If the lock is hard to move， you can use a tool to gain more leverage. The shipping lock will move about 1/3” [8mm] to the right. Checking the Lamp Check that the QTH lamp in fully seated in the lamp housing. The lamp is located behind the actuator screw (see Fig. 2-6) and has two white wires protruding from the back of the lamp. Simply push down on the lamp ensuring that the lamp is fully seated in the lamp housing. Rotate the lamp/shipping lock access door to the closed position and hand tighten the captive screw. 拒绝翻译软件，翻译软件我自己也会用不是用翻译软件我就看不懂，只是，上来找人翻译就是希望翻译出比较容易看懂，不需要自己对照就可以看的说明书，如果用翻译软件，根本就词不达意，还是要自己对着原文件核实既然用了那么多积分，就希望有相当的成果，如果用翻译软件混积分，那就是人品问题了还有，某些人不要不懂乱说混积分展开

求助翻译: 问题一：请问“在GF254硅胶板上，取样点板，在254nm紫外光下观察结果”这句话该如何翻译？ZD是不知道“取样点板”怎么翻译问题二：麻烦高手帮忙翻译一下2Results2.1柱色谱分离结果The... 问题一：请问 “在GF254硅胶板上，取样点板，在254 nm紫外光下观察结果” 这句话该如何翻译？ ZD是不知道“取样点板”怎么翻译问题二：麻烦高手帮忙翻译一下 2 Results 2. 1 柱色谱分离结果 The results of separation by column chromatography 柱色谱分离过程中，氯仿∶甲醇95∶5和90∶10洗脱出来的流分经过反复的硅胶柱色谱分离纯化得到组分C3。 2. 2 薄层色谱检测结果 The results of Thin-layer chromatography. 组分C3在GF254硅胶板上展开后，可在254nm紫外灯下直观观测为单点，见图1。 2. 3 GX液相色谱分析和制备单体化合物对组分C3 进行GX液相制备，色谱图显示有4个色谱峰(见图2) ，分离效果较好，收集4个单峰组分，得到4个化合物1～4，对以上4个化合物进行GX液相分析，均为单峰，见图3～4。 3 化合物的结构鉴定通过制备液相收集得到4个化合物，对其中3个化合物进行结构鉴定: 化合物1，淡黄色晶体， UV λmax nm (logε) : 248 nm。E IMS，m / z 501. 3 [M + 1 ] + ，分子量为500。化合物1氢谱显示7个甲基信号;δ1. 02， 0. 93， 0. 78 ( each 3H， s) ， 0. 89 ( 3H， d， J =6. 4Hz) ， 1. 23， 1. 25 ( each 3H， d， J = 5. 2Hz) ， 1. 22(3H， s) ，一个连氧碳上的氢信号δ3. 23 (1H， dd， J= 10 Hz) ，符合三萜化合物的结构，可以证明化合物1为三萜类化合物。化合物2， UV λmax nm ( logε) : 250 nm。E IMS，m / z 515. 3 [M + 1 ] + ，分子量为514。化合物2的氢谱显示7个甲基信号δ0. 77， 0. 94， 1.01， 1. 22， 1. 23 (3H， s) ， 0. 82 (3H， d， 10. 2 Hz) ，一个连氧碳上的氢信号δ3. 22 ( 1H， dd， J = 10. 5Hz) ，一个甲氧基上的氢信号δ3. 66 (3H， s) ，符合三萜化合物的结构，可以证明化合物2为三萜化合物。化合物3， UV λmax nm ( logε) : 254 nm。EIMS，m / z 531. 2 [M + 1 ] + ，分子量为514。化合物2 的氢谱(见附录)显示7 个甲基信号δ0.78， 0. 82， 0. 87， 1. 03， 1. 24， 1. 31 ( 3H， s) ， 1. 17(3H， d， 6. 6 Hz) ，一个乙酰基上的氢信号2. 10(3H， s) ，一个甲氧基团的氢信号3. 68 (3H， s) ，符合三萜化合物的结构，可以证明化合物3为三萜化合物。化合物4结构较复杂，不能确定是三萜化合物。二楼的辛苦了，非常感谢你的回答。不过好像没有明白我的意思，而且有google之嫌。展开

高分求高手翻译，不要机械翻译: Bimetallic dendrimer-encapsulated nanoparticles(DENs)are important materials，because they have demonstrated improvement in performance compared to the monometallic DENs in many systems when they are used as catalysts.This tutorial review fo... Bimetallic dendrimer-encapsulated nanoparticles(DENs)are important materials，because they have demonstrated improvement in performance compared to the monometallic DENs in many systems when they are used as catalysts.This tutorial review focuses on the recent research advances in bimetallic DENs with respect to their synthesis，characterization，and applications as catalysts.Bimetallic DENs can be made mainly via three routes:co-complexation，sequential loading，and partial displacement.The research in bimetallic DENs has been significantly promoted by the advancement of characterization instruments.The performances of bimetallic DENs as homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysts in organic synthesis have been compared with both monometallic DENs and their physical mixtures.It is concluded that the synergistic electronic effect in bimetallic nanoparticles enhances their catalytic activities. 能翻译多少都可以的展开

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