冷杉和铁杉松茸的实验研究

松茸是一种高经济价值的外生菌根蘑菇，其生长和针叶树密切相关。作者（Mycoscience, 56(4), 402-412.）研究了松茸与冷杉和铁杉之间的关系。从本州岛森林获取松茸担子菌连同担子菌下的土壤。获取外生菌根尖并用于真菌分离和分子分析。菌根真菌从白叶冷杉和日本扁柏叶根分离得到。在琼脂培养基上产生白色菌丝菌落这些真菌被称为松茸菌。通过体外菌根合成也明确了日本落叶松和松口蘑之间外生菌根的关系。研究了冷杉和铁杉松茸的外生菌根及其形态学。

作者通过现场取样；显微镜观察松茸和植物根系；从松茸和真菌根尖中分离到真菌；松茸和真菌根尖化学成分的鉴定；松茸样品基因间隔区分析；冷杉幼苗培育（EYELA FLI-2020A at 20 ℃和140 μmol/m2/s）和冷杉松茸菌根的体外合成。

Fig.1 Basidiomata specimens of Tricholoma matsutake collected from subalpine forests. A: S-2110828. B: S-2131013-1. C: S- 2131013-2. D: S-2131013-3.

冷杉和铁杉松茸的外部菌根外部形貌和解剖结构和赤松松茸外部菌根相似，像前脑组织样薄真菌壳层并具有疏水性质，成熟时菌根根尖炭化。这些结构特点与针叶树松茸外部菌根相似。

Fig.2 Morphological and anatomical characteristics of Tricholoma matsutake ectomycorrhizas on Abies veitchii and Tsuga diversifolia. A, B: External view of the mycorrhizal root tips on A. veitchii and T. diversifolia roots sampled from underneath basidioma specimens S-2131013-1 and S-2131013-3, respectively. C,D: Surface view of the felt prosenchymatous mantle of mycorrhizas on A. veitchii and T. diversifolia, respectively. E, F: Longitudinal section showing Hartig nets on A. veitchii and T. diversifolia, respectively. Bars: C, D 10 mm; E, F 20 mm. Ep: epidermal cell, Co: cortical cell, En: endodermal cell, N: plant nucleus, Hn: Hartig net.

Fig.3 RFLP patterns of rDNA IGS1 regions of Tricholoma matsutake collected from subalpine forests. PCR amplicon of Y1 strain (lane 1), and those of tested samples digested with endonucleases (lanes 2?13). Lanes 2?5: Cfr13I digestion, 6?9: HaeIII digestion, and 10?13: MspI digestion. Lanes 2, 6, 10: Y1 strain, 3, 7, 11: AT-2193 strain isolated from a mycorrhizal root tip of Tsuga diversifolia, 4, 8, 12: AT-2195 strain isolated from a mycorrhizal root tip of Abies veitchii, and 5, 9, 13: basidioma specimen S-2100828 collected from Mt. Yakushidake.

RFLP分析技术鉴定亚高山带不同群体T松茸（韩国赤松森林中部、本州岛东部、北海道森林） rDNA IGS1 区域的基因特性。结果是这些T松茸表现出完全相同的RFLP图。这些结果表明上述不同地区T松茸基因差异性很低。IGS1序列差异性进一步说明这些不同地区的T松茸不受上述地理因素影响。